Mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases
The discovery that protein and nucleic acid demethylation is common opens up the possibility of 'methylation cycles' of functional importance, including in the regulation of gene expression. The mechanisms of known demethylases can be broadly divided into those involving nucleophilic catal...
| Автори: | , , |
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| Формат: | Journal article |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
2012
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| _version_ | 1826273509998854144 |
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| author | Walport, L Hopkinson, R Schofield, C |
| author_facet | Walport, L Hopkinson, R Schofield, C |
| author_sort | Walport, L |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | The discovery that protein and nucleic acid demethylation is common opens up the possibility of 'methylation cycles' of functional importance, including in the regulation of gene expression. The mechanisms of known demethylases can be broadly divided into those involving nucleophilic catalysis and those involving oxidative catalysis. The latter group appear more common; they produce formaldehyde as a co-product. Nucleophilic demethylases include those proceeding via irreversible S-methylation and methyl esterases. In addition to the direct reversal of methylation, demethylation can occur concurrent with loss of other groups, such as in methylarginine hydrolysis, oxidation of Ne{open}-methyllysine to allysine, and indirectly, for example via base-excision repair. We discuss chemically viable mechanisms for biological demethylation and summarise mechanistic knowledge of the major known families of demethylases. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:29:17Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:57bece52-adf9-4cd9-b714-e722a384f3d0 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:29:17Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:57bece52-adf9-4cd9-b714-e722a384f3d02022-03-26T16:58:34ZMechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylasesJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:57bece52-adf9-4cd9-b714-e722a384f3d0EnglishSymplectic Elements at Oxford2012Walport, LHopkinson, RSchofield, CThe discovery that protein and nucleic acid demethylation is common opens up the possibility of 'methylation cycles' of functional importance, including in the regulation of gene expression. The mechanisms of known demethylases can be broadly divided into those involving nucleophilic catalysis and those involving oxidative catalysis. The latter group appear more common; they produce formaldehyde as a co-product. Nucleophilic demethylases include those proceeding via irreversible S-methylation and methyl esterases. In addition to the direct reversal of methylation, demethylation can occur concurrent with loss of other groups, such as in methylarginine hydrolysis, oxidation of Ne{open}-methyllysine to allysine, and indirectly, for example via base-excision repair. We discuss chemically viable mechanisms for biological demethylation and summarise mechanistic knowledge of the major known families of demethylases. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
| spellingShingle | Walport, L Hopkinson, R Schofield, C Mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases |
| title | Mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases |
| title_full | Mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases |
| title_short | Mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases |
| title_sort | mechanisms of human histone and nucleic acid demethylases |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT walportl mechanismsofhumanhistoneandnucleicaciddemethylases AT hopkinsonr mechanismsofhumanhistoneandnucleicaciddemethylases AT schofieldc mechanismsofhumanhistoneandnucleicaciddemethylases |