Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot study
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most commonly identified cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Asia. The WHO recommended test is anti-JEV IgM-antibody-capture-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (JEV MAC-ELISA). However, data suggest this has low positive predictive value, with false...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Nature
2018
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| _version_ | 1826273524333936640 |
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| author | Bharucha, T Sengvilaipaseuth, O Seephonelee, M Vongsouvath, M Vongsouvath, M Rattanavong, S Piorkowski, G Lecuit, M Gorman, C Pommier, J Newton, P de Lamballerie, X Dubot-Pérès, A |
| author_facet | Bharucha, T Sengvilaipaseuth, O Seephonelee, M Vongsouvath, M Vongsouvath, M Rattanavong, S Piorkowski, G Lecuit, M Gorman, C Pommier, J Newton, P de Lamballerie, X Dubot-Pérès, A |
| author_sort | Bharucha, T |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most commonly identified cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Asia. The WHO recommended test is anti-JEV IgM-antibody-capture-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (JEV MAC-ELISA). However, data suggest this has low positive predictive value, with false positives related to other Flavivirus infections and vaccination. JEV RT-PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or serum is highly specific, but is rarely positive; 0–25% of patients that fulfil the WHO definition of JE (clinical Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and JEV MAC-ELISA positive). Testing other body fluids by JEV RT-qPCR may improve the diagnosis. As a pilot study thirty patients admitted to Mahosot Hospital 2014–2017, recruited to the South-East-Asia-Encephalitis study, were tested by JEV MAC-ELISA and two JEV real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays (NS2A and NS3). Eleven (36.7%) were JEV MAC-ELISA positive. Available CSF and serum samples of these patients were JEV RT-qPCR negative but 2 (7%) had JEV RNA detected in their throat swabs. JEV RNA was confirmed by re-testing, and sequencing of RT-qPCR products. As the first apparent report of JEV RNA detection in human throat samples, the provides new perspectives on human JEV infection, potentially informing improving JEV detection. We suggest that testing patients’ throat swabs for JEV RNA is performed, in combination with molecular and serological CSF and serum investigations, on a larger scale to investigate the epidemiology of the presence of JEV in human throats. Throat swabs are an easy and non-invasive tool that could be rolled out to a wider population to improve knowledge of JEV molecular epidemiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:29:30Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:57d15355-5683-446f-aa43-d481ce6768ed |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:29:30Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Springer Nature |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:57d15355-5683-446f-aa43-d481ce6768ed2022-03-26T16:59:04ZDetection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot studyJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:57d15355-5683-446f-aa43-d481ce6768edEnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordSpringer Nature2018Bharucha, TSengvilaipaseuth, OSeephonelee, MVongsouvath, MVongsouvath, MRattanavong, SPiorkowski, GLecuit, MGorman, CPommier, JNewton, Pde Lamballerie, XDubot-Pérès, AJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most commonly identified cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Asia. The WHO recommended test is anti-JEV IgM-antibody-capture-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (JEV MAC-ELISA). However, data suggest this has low positive predictive value, with false positives related to other Flavivirus infections and vaccination. JEV RT-PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or serum is highly specific, but is rarely positive; 0–25% of patients that fulfil the WHO definition of JE (clinical Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and JEV MAC-ELISA positive). Testing other body fluids by JEV RT-qPCR may improve the diagnosis. As a pilot study thirty patients admitted to Mahosot Hospital 2014–2017, recruited to the South-East-Asia-Encephalitis study, were tested by JEV MAC-ELISA and two JEV real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays (NS2A and NS3). Eleven (36.7%) were JEV MAC-ELISA positive. Available CSF and serum samples of these patients were JEV RT-qPCR negative but 2 (7%) had JEV RNA detected in their throat swabs. JEV RNA was confirmed by re-testing, and sequencing of RT-qPCR products. As the first apparent report of JEV RNA detection in human throat samples, the provides new perspectives on human JEV infection, potentially informing improving JEV detection. We suggest that testing patients’ throat swabs for JEV RNA is performed, in combination with molecular and serological CSF and serum investigations, on a larger scale to investigate the epidemiology of the presence of JEV in human throats. Throat swabs are an easy and non-invasive tool that could be rolled out to a wider population to improve knowledge of JEV molecular epidemiology. |
| spellingShingle | Bharucha, T Sengvilaipaseuth, O Seephonelee, M Vongsouvath, M Vongsouvath, M Rattanavong, S Piorkowski, G Lecuit, M Gorman, C Pommier, J Newton, P de Lamballerie, X Dubot-Pérès, A Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot study |
| title | Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot study |
| title_full | Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot study |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot study |
| title_short | Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA in human throat samples in Laos – a pilot study |
| title_sort | detection of japanese encephalitis virus rna in human throat samples in laos a pilot study |
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