Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni
Modern agriculture has dramatically changed the distribution of animal species on Earth. Changes to host ecology have a major impact on the microbiota, potentially increasing the risk of zoonotic pathogens being transmitted to humans, but the impact of intensive livestock production on host-associat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
National Academy of Sciences
2020
|
| _version_ | 1826273564973596672 |
|---|---|
| author | Mourkas, E Taylor, AJ Méric, G Bayliss, SC Pascoe, B Mageiros, L Calland, JK Hitchings, MD Ridley, A Vidal, A Forbes, KJ Strachan, NJC Parker, CT Parkhill, J Jolley, KA Cody, AJ Maiden, MCJ Kelly, DJ Sheppard, SK |
| author_facet | Mourkas, E Taylor, AJ Méric, G Bayliss, SC Pascoe, B Mageiros, L Calland, JK Hitchings, MD Ridley, A Vidal, A Forbes, KJ Strachan, NJC Parker, CT Parkhill, J Jolley, KA Cody, AJ Maiden, MCJ Kelly, DJ Sheppard, SK |
| author_sort | Mourkas, E |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Modern agriculture has dramatically changed the distribution of animal species on Earth. Changes to host ecology have a major impact on the microbiota, potentially increasing the risk of zoonotic pathogens being transmitted to humans, but the impact of intensive livestock production on host-associated bacteria has rarely been studied. Here, we use large isolate collections and comparative genomics techniques, linked to phenotype studies, to understand the timescale and genomic adaptations associated with the proliferation of the most common food-born bacterial pathogen (Campylobacter jejuni) in the most prolific agricultural mammal (cattle). Our findings reveal the emergence of cattle specialist C. jejuni lineages from a background of host generalist strains that coincided with the dramatic rise in cattle numbers in the 20th century. Cattle adaptation was associated with horizontal gene transfer and significant gene gain and loss. This may be related to differences in host diet, anatomy, and physiology, leading to the proliferation of globally disseminated cattle specialists of major public health importance. This work highlights how genomic plasticity can allow important zoonotic pathogens to exploit altered niches in the face of anthropogenic change and provides information for mitigating some of the risks posed by modern agricultural systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:30:07Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:58010d1a-e8b4-47ef-a339-38790d5e5b80 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:30:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:58010d1a-e8b4-47ef-a339-38790d5e5b802022-03-26T17:00:20ZAgricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuniJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:58010d1a-e8b4-47ef-a339-38790d5e5b80EnglishSymplectic ElementsNational Academy of Sciences2020Mourkas, ETaylor, AJMéric, GBayliss, SCPascoe, BMageiros, LCalland, JKHitchings, MDRidley, AVidal, AForbes, KJStrachan, NJCParker, CTParkhill, JJolley, KACody, AJMaiden, MCJKelly, DJSheppard, SKModern agriculture has dramatically changed the distribution of animal species on Earth. Changes to host ecology have a major impact on the microbiota, potentially increasing the risk of zoonotic pathogens being transmitted to humans, but the impact of intensive livestock production on host-associated bacteria has rarely been studied. Here, we use large isolate collections and comparative genomics techniques, linked to phenotype studies, to understand the timescale and genomic adaptations associated with the proliferation of the most common food-born bacterial pathogen (Campylobacter jejuni) in the most prolific agricultural mammal (cattle). Our findings reveal the emergence of cattle specialist C. jejuni lineages from a background of host generalist strains that coincided with the dramatic rise in cattle numbers in the 20th century. Cattle adaptation was associated with horizontal gene transfer and significant gene gain and loss. This may be related to differences in host diet, anatomy, and physiology, leading to the proliferation of globally disseminated cattle specialists of major public health importance. This work highlights how genomic plasticity can allow important zoonotic pathogens to exploit altered niches in the face of anthropogenic change and provides information for mitigating some of the risks posed by modern agricultural systems. |
| spellingShingle | Mourkas, E Taylor, AJ Méric, G Bayliss, SC Pascoe, B Mageiros, L Calland, JK Hitchings, MD Ridley, A Vidal, A Forbes, KJ Strachan, NJC Parker, CT Parkhill, J Jolley, KA Cody, AJ Maiden, MCJ Kelly, DJ Sheppard, SK Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni |
| title | Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni |
| title_full | Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni |
| title_fullStr | Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni |
| title_full_unstemmed | Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni |
| title_short | Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni |
| title_sort | agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mourkase agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT tayloraj agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT mericg agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT baylisssc agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT pascoeb agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT mageirosl agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT callandjk agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT hitchingsmd agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT ridleya agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT vidala agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT forbeskj agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT strachannjc agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT parkerct agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT parkhillj agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT jolleyka agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT codyaj agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT maidenmcj agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT kellydj agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni AT sheppardsk agriculturalintensificationandtheevolutionofhostspecialismintheentericpathogencampylobacterjejuni |