| Summary: | <p>Generic delimitation within the Trichilieae (Meliaceae) is considered, with particular reference to the <em>Trichilia</em> P. Browne - <em>Heynea</em> Roxb. ex Sims - <em>Walsura</em> Roxb. complex. Original investigations of leaf-surface micromorphology, palynology and fruit anatomy are made of species of each genus of the tribe and an isoenzyme study is made of species of <em>Trichilia. Heynea</em> and <em>Walsura</em>. The accounts of these studies are extensively illustrated with photographs, scanning-electron-micrographs and annotated drawings. Seed dispersal systems are briefly considered including original field observations of a species of <em>Walsura</em>. In the light of the data revealed by these studies, inter-generic relationships are discussed.</p> <p>The Indo-Malesian genus <em>Walsura</em> is taxonomically revised and the closely related new genus <em>Pseudoclausena</em> is segregated from it and described. Within <em>Walsura</em>. a new section <em>(Ruswala)</em> and three new species (<em>W. dehiscens. W. pachycaulon</em> and <em>W. sarawakensis</em>) are described and one new combination is made (<em>W. trifoliolata</em> ssp. <em>acuminata</em>). The new genus consists of one new species (<em>P. chrysogyne</em></p>W. chrysogyne (Miq.) Bakh.f, and <em>W. velutina</em> Ridley is reduced to a new forma of it. Keys are given for the identification of all taxa and the species are illustrated by drawings and (in some cases) by photographs. <p>A cladistic analysis is made of all the species of <em>Walsura. Pseudoclausena</em> and <em>Heynea</em>. taking Trichilia as the outgroup. This, together with the findings of the above studies and published data indicate that <em>Heynea</em> should be considered a distinct genus in the alliance of <em>Walsura</em>. A key for the identification of these four genera is given. The other genera of the tribe are briefly considered and all are maintained as distinct. The great diversity of fruit structures within the tribe provides particularly good characters for the segregation of these genera.</p>
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