Evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations
<p>The face plays an important role in human interactions, from identifying others to their to understanding their emotions and mental state. Particularly, eyes play a significant role in human communication. Individuals tend to follow the direction of another’s eye gaze, resulting in faster m...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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2019
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| _version_ | 1797107277298139136 |
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| author | Fraser, A |
| author2 | Scerif, G |
| author_facet | Scerif, G Fraser, A |
| author_sort | Fraser, A |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | <p>The face plays an important role in human interactions, from identifying others to their to understanding their emotions and mental state. Particularly, eyes play a significant role in human communication. Individuals tend to follow the direction of another’s eye gaze, resulting in faster more accurate processing. Furthermore, gaze cues may influence functional processing, such as improving memory and influencing affective judgments of objects. The observed preference for objects that have been cued by faces, referred to as the liking effect, only occurs when faces are used to cue objects. This notable difference between a gaze and a spatial cue opens the potential for this paradigm to investigate differences between faces of different levels of realism, a topic that could improve our understanding of face perception deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders.</p>
<p>A series of experiments are presented across four chapters. In Chapter 2, the liking effect is investigated in long-term memory. Initially there were issues in replicating the cueing bias for visuospatial measures. To overcome this, the complexity of task was raised, emphasising the importance of the task in gaze cueing experiments. There was no explicit liking effect found, although there was a preference for items that were presented as part of learning trials. Experiments in Chapter 3 replicated the original experiment to investigate whether the effect occurs in both Schematic and Photographic faces. Initially, experiments failed to replicate the liking effect. Further experiments were able to replicate the liking effect with more detailed Schematic stimuli, but only if the target objects were cued by multiple Photographic faces. Chapter 4 was unable to replicate these findings across individuals with High and Low levels of autistic traits. The complexity of the design and limitations with sample size make it difficult to extrapolate the results beyond the current experiment. Finally, in Chapter 5 an eye-tracking
study is presented to investigate the effect in an ASD and a NT sample. It was found that the effect occurred in the NT group, but not in the ASD group. Insights from the eye tracking results suggest that explicit time observing each target may explain the effect and differences between the groups. In Chapter 6, findings are in the context of the wider literature. Conclusions are drawn about the efficacy of the liking effect as an index for studying the processing of facial realism in general and in ASD more specifically.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:13:48Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oxford-uuid:5f04e1ac-450a-4b9a-ad33-d9be848b2dc8 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:13:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:5f04e1ac-450a-4b9a-ad33-d9be848b2dc82022-07-22T17:03:00ZEvaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populationsThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06uuid:5f04e1ac-450a-4b9a-ad33-d9be848b2dc8PsychologyEnglishHyrax Deposit2019Fraser, AScerif, G<p>The face plays an important role in human interactions, from identifying others to their to understanding their emotions and mental state. Particularly, eyes play a significant role in human communication. Individuals tend to follow the direction of another’s eye gaze, resulting in faster more accurate processing. Furthermore, gaze cues may influence functional processing, such as improving memory and influencing affective judgments of objects. The observed preference for objects that have been cued by faces, referred to as the liking effect, only occurs when faces are used to cue objects. This notable difference between a gaze and a spatial cue opens the potential for this paradigm to investigate differences between faces of different levels of realism, a topic that could improve our understanding of face perception deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders.</p> <p>A series of experiments are presented across four chapters. In Chapter 2, the liking effect is investigated in long-term memory. Initially there were issues in replicating the cueing bias for visuospatial measures. To overcome this, the complexity of task was raised, emphasising the importance of the task in gaze cueing experiments. There was no explicit liking effect found, although there was a preference for items that were presented as part of learning trials. Experiments in Chapter 3 replicated the original experiment to investigate whether the effect occurs in both Schematic and Photographic faces. Initially, experiments failed to replicate the liking effect. Further experiments were able to replicate the liking effect with more detailed Schematic stimuli, but only if the target objects were cued by multiple Photographic faces. Chapter 4 was unable to replicate these findings across individuals with High and Low levels of autistic traits. The complexity of the design and limitations with sample size make it difficult to extrapolate the results beyond the current experiment. Finally, in Chapter 5 an eye-tracking study is presented to investigate the effect in an ASD and a NT sample. It was found that the effect occurred in the NT group, but not in the ASD group. Insights from the eye tracking results suggest that explicit time observing each target may explain the effect and differences between the groups. In Chapter 6, findings are in the context of the wider literature. Conclusions are drawn about the efficacy of the liking effect as an index for studying the processing of facial realism in general and in ASD more specifically.</p> |
| spellingShingle | Psychology Fraser, A Evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations |
| title | Evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations |
| title_full | Evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations |
| title_short | Evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations |
| title_sort | evaluating the liking effect paradigm and the impact of realism in face processing among neurotypical and autistic populations |
| topic | Psychology |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT frasera evaluatingthelikingeffectparadigmandtheimpactofrealisminfaceprocessingamongneurotypicalandautisticpopulations |