Axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativity

Axions are a potential dark matter candidate, which may condense and form self-gravitating compact objects, called axion stars (ASs). In this work, we study for the first time head-on collisions of relativistic ASs with black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). In the case of BH-AS mergers we find...

Deskribapen osoa

Xehetasun bibliografikoak
Egile Nagusiak: Clough, K, Dietrich, T, Niemeyer, J
Formatua: Journal article
Argitaratua: American Physical Society 2018
_version_ 1826278856098578432
author Clough, K
Dietrich, T
Niemeyer, J
author_facet Clough, K
Dietrich, T
Niemeyer, J
author_sort Clough, K
collection OXFORD
description Axions are a potential dark matter candidate, which may condense and form self-gravitating compact objects, called axion stars (ASs). In this work, we study for the first time head-on collisions of relativistic ASs with black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). In the case of BH-AS mergers we find that, in general, the largest scalar clouds are produced by mergers of low compactness ASs and spinning BHs. Although in most of the cases which we study the majority of the mass is absorbed by the BH within a short time after the merger, in favorable cases the remaining cloud surrounding the final BH remnant can be as large as 30% of the initial axion star mass, with a bosonic cloud mass of O ( 10 − 1 ) M BH and peak energy density comparable to that obtained in a superradiant buildup. This provides a dynamical mechanism for the formation of long lived scalar hair, which could lead to observable signals in cases where the axion interacts with baryonic matter around the BH, or where it forms the seed of a future superradiant buildup in highly spinning cases. Considering NS-AS collisions we find two possible final states: (i) a BH surrounded by a (small) scalar cloud, or (ii) a stable NS enveloped in an axion cloud of roughly the same mass as the initial AS. While for low mass ASs the NS is only mildly perturbed by the collision, a larger mass AS gives rise to a massive ejection of baryonic mass from the system, purely due to gravitational effects. Therefore, even in the absence of a direct axion coupling to baryonic matter, NS-AS collisions could give rise to electromagnetic observables in addition to their gravitational wave signatures.
first_indexed 2024-03-06T23:50:12Z
format Journal article
id oxford-uuid:7256430d-db6d-49a6-a55f-de7b6be47fdf
institution University of Oxford
last_indexed 2024-03-06T23:50:12Z
publishDate 2018
publisher American Physical Society
record_format dspace
spelling oxford-uuid:7256430d-db6d-49a6-a55f-de7b6be47fdf2022-03-26T19:49:23ZAxion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativityJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:7256430d-db6d-49a6-a55f-de7b6be47fdfSymplectic Elements at OxfordAmerican Physical Society2018Clough, KDietrich, TNiemeyer, JAxions are a potential dark matter candidate, which may condense and form self-gravitating compact objects, called axion stars (ASs). In this work, we study for the first time head-on collisions of relativistic ASs with black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). In the case of BH-AS mergers we find that, in general, the largest scalar clouds are produced by mergers of low compactness ASs and spinning BHs. Although in most of the cases which we study the majority of the mass is absorbed by the BH within a short time after the merger, in favorable cases the remaining cloud surrounding the final BH remnant can be as large as 30% of the initial axion star mass, with a bosonic cloud mass of O ( 10 − 1 ) M BH and peak energy density comparable to that obtained in a superradiant buildup. This provides a dynamical mechanism for the formation of long lived scalar hair, which could lead to observable signals in cases where the axion interacts with baryonic matter around the BH, or where it forms the seed of a future superradiant buildup in highly spinning cases. Considering NS-AS collisions we find two possible final states: (i) a BH surrounded by a (small) scalar cloud, or (ii) a stable NS enveloped in an axion cloud of roughly the same mass as the initial AS. While for low mass ASs the NS is only mildly perturbed by the collision, a larger mass AS gives rise to a massive ejection of baryonic mass from the system, purely due to gravitational effects. Therefore, even in the absence of a direct axion coupling to baryonic matter, NS-AS collisions could give rise to electromagnetic observables in addition to their gravitational wave signatures.
spellingShingle Clough, K
Dietrich, T
Niemeyer, J
Axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativity
title Axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativity
title_full Axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativity
title_fullStr Axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativity
title_full_unstemmed Axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativity
title_short Axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3D numerical relativity
title_sort axion star collisions with black holes and neutron stars in full 3d numerical relativity
work_keys_str_mv AT cloughk axionstarcollisionswithblackholesandneutronstarsinfull3dnumericalrelativity
AT dietricht axionstarcollisionswithblackholesandneutronstarsinfull3dnumericalrelativity
AT niemeyerj axionstarcollisionswithblackholesandneutronstarsinfull3dnumericalrelativity