| Summary: | When scientists fail to reproduce the results of multiple experiments the support previously provided for theories breaks down. This is a modern phenomenon in science dubbed by some a “replication crisis” (Earp and Trafimow, 2015; Ioannidis, 2005; Maxwell, Lau, and Howard, 2015; Spellman, 2015; Stroebe and Strack, 2014). Few fields have been left unscathed, from medicine (Freedman, 2015) to computational science (Peng, 2011), and from psychology (Maxwell, Lau, and Howard, 2015) to political science. Replication crisis-like events, however, have been documented throughout history known as scientific revolutions or paradigm shifts. While they may appear similar, some important contrasts can be drawn out between replication crises and paradigm shifts.
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