| Summary: | A new species of the caridean shrimp genus Lysmata Risso, 1816 is described from St. Helena and Ascension Island in the south-central Atlantic. Lysmata napoleoni sp. nov. is part of the so-called “long-branch group” of the genus and shows a strong morphological similarity with the eastern Atlantic L. seticaudata Risso, 1816, from which it can be distinguished by details of the accessory branch of the antennular flagellum. The new species also displays a unique and bright colour pattern and therefore can be easily recognised in the field. Furthermore, it is typically found in proximity of sea anemones, Telmatactis cricoides (Duchassaing), and appears to be an occasional fish cleaner.
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