Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials

<strong>Background:</strong> Statin therapy is effective for the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease, but its effects in individuals with more advanced disease, particularly those undergoing dialysis, are uncertain. &...

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Main Authors: Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration, Herrington, W, Emberson, J, Mihaylova, B, Blackwell, L, Reith, C, Haynes, R, Landray, M, Collins, R, Baigent, C, Et, a
Format: Journal article
Published: Elsevier 2016
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author Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration
Herrington, W
Emberson, J
Mihaylova, B
Blackwell, L
Reith, C
Haynes, R
Landray, M
Collins, R
Baigent, C
Et, a
author_facet Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration
Herrington, W
Emberson, J
Mihaylova, B
Blackwell, L
Reith, C
Haynes, R
Landray, M
Collins, R
Baigent, C
Et, a
author_sort Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration
collection OXFORD
description <strong>Background:</strong> Statin therapy is effective for the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease, but its effects in individuals with more advanced disease, particularly those undergoing dialysis, are uncertain. <strong>Methods:</strong> We did a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 trials (n=183 419), examining effects of statin-based therapy on major vascular events (major coronary event [non-fatal myocardial infarction or coronary death], stroke, or coronary revascularisation) and cause-specific mortality. Participants were subdivided into categories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline. Treatment effects were estimated with rate ratio (RR) per mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol. <strong>Findings:</strong> Overall, statin-based therapy reduced the risk of a first major vascular event by 21% (RR 0·79, 95% CI 0·77–0·81; p&lt;0·0001) per mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol. Smaller relative effects on major vascular events were observed as eGFR declined (p=0·008 for trend; RR 0·78, 99% CI 0·75–0·82 for eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1·73 m2; 0·76, 0·70–0·81 for eGFR 45 to &lt;60 mL/min per 1·73 m2; 0·85, 0·75–0·96 for eGFR 30 to &lt;45 mL/min per 1·73 m2; 0·85, 0·71–1·02 for eGFR &lt;30 mL/min per 1·73 m2 and not on dialysis; and 0·94, 0·79–1·11 for patients on dialysis). Analogous trends by baseline renal function were seen for major coronary events (p=0·01 for trend) and vascular mortality (p=0·03 for trend), but there was no significant trend for coronary revascularisation (p=0·90). Reducing LDL cholesterol with statin-based therapy had no effect on non-vascular mortality, irrespective of eGFR. <strong>Interpretation:</strong> Even after allowing for the smaller reductions in LDL cholesterol achieved by patients with more advanced chronic kidney disease, and for differences in outcome definitions between dialysis trials, the relative reductions in major vascular events observed with statin-based treatment became smaller as eGFR declined, with little evidence of benefit in patients on dialysis. In patients with chronic kidney disease, statin-based regimens should be chosen to maximise the absolute reduction in LDL cholesterol to achieve the largest treatment benefits.
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spelling oxford-uuid:7dbdb6a9-d8bf-42bc-bf66-db346e75dc5e2022-03-26T21:05:33ZImpact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trialsJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:7dbdb6a9-d8bf-42bc-bf66-db346e75dc5eSymplectic Elements at OxfordElsevier2016Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' CollaborationHerrington, WEmberson, JMihaylova, BBlackwell, LReith, CHaynes, RLandray, MCollins, RBaigent, CEt, a<strong>Background:</strong> Statin therapy is effective for the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease, but its effects in individuals with more advanced disease, particularly those undergoing dialysis, are uncertain. <strong>Methods:</strong> We did a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 trials (n=183 419), examining effects of statin-based therapy on major vascular events (major coronary event [non-fatal myocardial infarction or coronary death], stroke, or coronary revascularisation) and cause-specific mortality. Participants were subdivided into categories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline. Treatment effects were estimated with rate ratio (RR) per mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol. <strong>Findings:</strong> Overall, statin-based therapy reduced the risk of a first major vascular event by 21% (RR 0·79, 95% CI 0·77–0·81; p&lt;0·0001) per mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol. Smaller relative effects on major vascular events were observed as eGFR declined (p=0·008 for trend; RR 0·78, 99% CI 0·75–0·82 for eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1·73 m2; 0·76, 0·70–0·81 for eGFR 45 to &lt;60 mL/min per 1·73 m2; 0·85, 0·75–0·96 for eGFR 30 to &lt;45 mL/min per 1·73 m2; 0·85, 0·71–1·02 for eGFR &lt;30 mL/min per 1·73 m2 and not on dialysis; and 0·94, 0·79–1·11 for patients on dialysis). Analogous trends by baseline renal function were seen for major coronary events (p=0·01 for trend) and vascular mortality (p=0·03 for trend), but there was no significant trend for coronary revascularisation (p=0·90). Reducing LDL cholesterol with statin-based therapy had no effect on non-vascular mortality, irrespective of eGFR. <strong>Interpretation:</strong> Even after allowing for the smaller reductions in LDL cholesterol achieved by patients with more advanced chronic kidney disease, and for differences in outcome definitions between dialysis trials, the relative reductions in major vascular events observed with statin-based treatment became smaller as eGFR declined, with little evidence of benefit in patients on dialysis. In patients with chronic kidney disease, statin-based regimens should be chosen to maximise the absolute reduction in LDL cholesterol to achieve the largest treatment benefits.
spellingShingle Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration
Herrington, W
Emberson, J
Mihaylova, B
Blackwell, L
Reith, C
Haynes, R
Landray, M
Collins, R
Baigent, C
Et, a
Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials
title Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials
title_full Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials
title_fullStr Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials
title_full_unstemmed Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials
title_short Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials
title_sort impact of renal function on the effects of ldl cholesterol lowering with statin based regimens a meta analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials
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