Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The European Prospectiv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Diabetes Association Inc.
2014
|
| _version_ | 1826282614812573696 |
|---|---|
| author | Spijkerman, A van der A, D Nilsson, P Ardanaz, E Gavrila, D Agudo, A Arriola, L Balkau, B Beulens, J Boeing, H de Lauzon-Guillain, B Fagherazzi, G Feskens, E Franks, P Grioni, S Huerta, J Kaaks, R Key, T Overvad, K Palli, D Panico, S Redondo, M Rolandsson, O Roswall, N Sacerdote, C |
| author_facet | Spijkerman, A van der A, D Nilsson, P Ardanaz, E Gavrila, D Agudo, A Arriola, L Balkau, B Beulens, J Boeing, H de Lauzon-Guillain, B Fagherazzi, G Feskens, E Franks, P Grioni, S Huerta, J Kaaks, R Key, T Overvad, K Palli, D Panico, S Redondo, M Rolandsson, O Roswall, N Sacerdote, C |
| author_sort | Spijkerman, A |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct is a prospective case-cohort study within eight European countries, including 12,403 cases of incident type 2 diabetes and a random subcohort of 16,835 individuals. After exclusion of individuals with missing data, the analyses included 10,327 cases and 13,863 subcohort individuals. Smoking status was used (never, former, current), with never smokers as the reference. Country-specific Prentice-weighted Cox regression models and random-effects meta-analysis were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: In men, the HRs (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes were 1.40 (1.26, 1.55) for former smokers and 1.43 (1.27, 1.61) for current smokers, independent of age, education, center, physical activity, and alcohol, coffee, and meat consumption. In women, associations were weaker, with HRs (95% CI) of 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) and 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) for former and current smokers, respectively. There was some evidence of effect modification by BMI. The association tended to be slightly stronger in normal weight men compared with those with overall adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Former and current smoking was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with never smoking in men and women, independent of educational level, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and diet. Smoking may be regarded as a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and smoking cessation should be encouraged for diabetes prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T00:46:31Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:84d8b3b5-ef45-4cd9-8aa1-808f79e1f99f |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T00:46:31Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | American Diabetes Association Inc. |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:84d8b3b5-ef45-4cd9-8aa1-808f79e1f99f2022-03-26T21:53:48ZSmoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations.Journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:84d8b3b5-ef45-4cd9-8aa1-808f79e1f99fEnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordAmerican Diabetes Association Inc.2014Spijkerman, Avan der A, DNilsson, PArdanaz, EGavrila, DAgudo, AArriola, LBalkau, BBeulens, JBoeing, Hde Lauzon-Guillain, BFagherazzi, GFeskens, EFranks, PGrioni, SHuerta, JKaaks, RKey, TOvervad, KPalli, DPanico, SRedondo, MRolandsson, ORoswall, NSacerdote, COBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct is a prospective case-cohort study within eight European countries, including 12,403 cases of incident type 2 diabetes and a random subcohort of 16,835 individuals. After exclusion of individuals with missing data, the analyses included 10,327 cases and 13,863 subcohort individuals. Smoking status was used (never, former, current), with never smokers as the reference. Country-specific Prentice-weighted Cox regression models and random-effects meta-analysis were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: In men, the HRs (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes were 1.40 (1.26, 1.55) for former smokers and 1.43 (1.27, 1.61) for current smokers, independent of age, education, center, physical activity, and alcohol, coffee, and meat consumption. In women, associations were weaker, with HRs (95% CI) of 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) and 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) for former and current smokers, respectively. There was some evidence of effect modification by BMI. The association tended to be slightly stronger in normal weight men compared with those with overall adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Former and current smoking was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with never smoking in men and women, independent of educational level, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and diet. Smoking may be regarded as a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and smoking cessation should be encouraged for diabetes prevention. |
| spellingShingle | Spijkerman, A van der A, D Nilsson, P Ardanaz, E Gavrila, D Agudo, A Arriola, L Balkau, B Beulens, J Boeing, H de Lauzon-Guillain, B Fagherazzi, G Feskens, E Franks, P Grioni, S Huerta, J Kaaks, R Key, T Overvad, K Palli, D Panico, S Redondo, M Rolandsson, O Roswall, N Sacerdote, C Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations. |
| title | Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations. |
| title_full | Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations. |
| title_fullStr | Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations. |
| title_short | Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations. |
| title_sort | smoking and long term risk of type 2 diabetes the epic interact study in european populations |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT spijkermana smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT vanderad smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT nilssonp smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT ardanaze smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT gavrilad smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT agudoa smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT arriolal smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT balkaub smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT beulensj smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT boeingh smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT delauzonguillainb smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT fagherazzig smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT feskense smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT franksp smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT grionis smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT huertaj smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT kaaksr smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT keyt smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT overvadk smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT pallid smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT panicos smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT redondom smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT rolandssono smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT roswalln smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations AT sacerdotec smokingandlongtermriskoftype2diabetestheepicinteractstudyineuropeanpopulations |