| Summary: | The question of violence is invariably a matter of controversy and dispute for anarchists.[Pauli 2015: 142; Gelderloos 2007, 2015; Graeber 2009:222-228; Miller 1984: 109-123] Anarchist means should prefigure their political and ethical ends - and anarchy will be non-coercive. [Miller 1984:109; Graeber 2009:222] Reception of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) often focused on his aversion to violent revolution, appropriating him into the category of 'utopian' thinkers, in contrast to Marxist realism. Tolstoy's theory of state coercion can be traced to Proudhon [Rivett 1988: 31; Bartlett 2013: 143]. Subsequently there have been engagements between anarchism and pacifism in the thought and practice of Mohandas Gandhi [1869-1948], who was significantly influenced by Tolstoy. But practices of non-violence have recently become contentious among anarchists.[Pauli 2015: 142-3; Gelderloos 2007, 2015]
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