| 總結: | The observation of relatively high female mortality in the populations of contemporary less-developed countries and historically in Western Europe has been interpreted as indicating socioeconomic discrimination against females. Mortality rates, though not mechanically linked to welfare levels, may reflect the relative social status of persons within the same community. If food, shelter, clothing and medical care are unequally distributed, then this practice should show up in unequal mortality rates. Discrimination has been observed in breast feeding practices (Cowgill and Hutchinson, 1963), unequal access to medical attention (Singh, Gordon and Wyon, 1962; Chen et al., 1981; Basu, 1989) and the combination of extreme physical demands with low priority in food allocation (Kennedy, 1973).
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