Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study

<strong>Background</strong> Despite remarkable success obtained with current malaria vector control strategies in the last 15 years, additional innovative measures will be needed to achieve the ambitious goals for malaria control set for 2030 by the World Health Organization (WHO). New t...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicolas, P, Kiuru, C, Wagah, MG, Muturi, M, Duthaler, U, Hammann, F, Maia, MF, Chaccour, C
Format: Journal article
Language:English
Published: BioMed Central 2021
_version_ 1826286113763885056
author Nicolas, P
Kiuru, C
Wagah, MG
Muturi, M
Duthaler, U
Hammann, F
Maia, MF
Chaccour, C
author_facet Nicolas, P
Kiuru, C
Wagah, MG
Muturi, M
Duthaler, U
Hammann, F
Maia, MF
Chaccour, C
author_sort Nicolas, P
collection OXFORD
description <strong>Background</strong> Despite remarkable success obtained with current malaria vector control strategies in the last 15 years, additional innovative measures will be needed to achieve the ambitious goals for malaria control set for 2030 by the World Health Organization (WHO). New tools will need to address insecticide resistance and residual transmission as key challenges. Endectocides such as ivermectin are drugs that kill mosquitoes which feed on treated subjects. Mass administration of ivermectin can effectively target outdoor and early biting vectors, complementing the still effective conventional tools. Although this approach has garnered attention, development of ivermectin resistance is a potential pitfall. Herein, we evaluate the potential role of xenobiotic pumps and cytochrome P450 enzymes in protecting mosquitoes against ivermectin by active efflux and metabolic detoxification, respectively. <br> <strong>Methods</strong> We determined the lethal concentration 50 for ivermectin in colonized Anopheles gambiae; then we used chemical inhibitors and inducers of xenobiotic pumps and cytochrome P450 enzymes in combination with ivermectin to probe the mechanism of ivermectin detoxification. <br> <strong>Results</strong> Dual inhibition of xenobiotic pumps and cytochromes was found to have a synergistic effect with ivermectin, greatly increasing mosquito mortality. Inhibition of xenobiotic pumps alone had no effect on ivermectin-induced mortality. Induction of xenobiotic pumps and cytochromes may confer partial protection from ivermectin. <br> <strong>Conclusion</strong> There is a clear pathway for development of ivermectin resistance in malaria vectors. Detoxification mechanisms mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes are more important than xenobiotic pumps in protecting mosquitoes against ivermectin.
first_indexed 2024-03-07T01:38:57Z
format Journal article
id oxford-uuid:962beadb-a0da-409c-a9c1-8c9f22a9ff90
institution University of Oxford
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-07T01:38:57Z
publishDate 2021
publisher BioMed Central
record_format dspace
spelling oxford-uuid:962beadb-a0da-409c-a9c1-8c9f22a9ff902022-03-26T23:51:16ZPotential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay studyJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:962beadb-a0da-409c-a9c1-8c9f22a9ff90EnglishSymplectic ElementsBioMed Central2021Nicolas, PKiuru, CWagah, MGMuturi, MDuthaler, UHammann, FMaia, MFChaccour, C<strong>Background</strong> Despite remarkable success obtained with current malaria vector control strategies in the last 15 years, additional innovative measures will be needed to achieve the ambitious goals for malaria control set for 2030 by the World Health Organization (WHO). New tools will need to address insecticide resistance and residual transmission as key challenges. Endectocides such as ivermectin are drugs that kill mosquitoes which feed on treated subjects. Mass administration of ivermectin can effectively target outdoor and early biting vectors, complementing the still effective conventional tools. Although this approach has garnered attention, development of ivermectin resistance is a potential pitfall. Herein, we evaluate the potential role of xenobiotic pumps and cytochrome P450 enzymes in protecting mosquitoes against ivermectin by active efflux and metabolic detoxification, respectively. <br> <strong>Methods</strong> We determined the lethal concentration 50 for ivermectin in colonized Anopheles gambiae; then we used chemical inhibitors and inducers of xenobiotic pumps and cytochrome P450 enzymes in combination with ivermectin to probe the mechanism of ivermectin detoxification. <br> <strong>Results</strong> Dual inhibition of xenobiotic pumps and cytochromes was found to have a synergistic effect with ivermectin, greatly increasing mosquito mortality. Inhibition of xenobiotic pumps alone had no effect on ivermectin-induced mortality. Induction of xenobiotic pumps and cytochromes may confer partial protection from ivermectin. <br> <strong>Conclusion</strong> There is a clear pathway for development of ivermectin resistance in malaria vectors. Detoxification mechanisms mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes are more important than xenobiotic pumps in protecting mosquitoes against ivermectin.
spellingShingle Nicolas, P
Kiuru, C
Wagah, MG
Muturi, M
Duthaler, U
Hammann, F
Maia, MF
Chaccour, C
Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study
title Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study
title_full Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study
title_fullStr Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study
title_full_unstemmed Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study
title_short Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study
title_sort potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in anopheles gambiae a synergist bioassay study
work_keys_str_mv AT nicolasp potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy
AT kiuruc potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy
AT wagahmg potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy
AT muturim potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy
AT duthaleru potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy
AT hammannf potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy
AT maiamf potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy
AT chaccourc potentialmetabolicresistancemechanismstoivermectininanophelesgambiaeasynergistbioassaystudy