Why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small?
The "Swine flu" pandemic of 2009 caused world-wide infections and deaths. Early efforts to understand its rate of spread were used to predict the probable future number of cases, but by the end of 2009 it was clear that these predictions had substantially overestimated the pandemic's...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| _version_ | 1797083511551688704 |
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| author | Kubiak, R Mclean, A |
| author_facet | Kubiak, R Mclean, A |
| author_sort | Kubiak, R |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | The "Swine flu" pandemic of 2009 caused world-wide infections and deaths. Early efforts to understand its rate of spread were used to predict the probable future number of cases, but by the end of 2009 it was clear that these predictions had substantially overestimated the pandemic's eventual impact. In England, the Health Protection Agency made announcements of the number of cases of disease, which turned out to be surprisingly low for an influenza pandemic. The agency also carried out a serological survey half-way through the English epidemic. In this study, we use a mathematical model to reconcile early estimates of the rate of spread of infection, weekly data on the number of cases in the 2009 epidemic in England and the serological status of the English population at the end of the first pandemic wave. Our results reveal that if there are around 19 infections (i.e., seroconverters) for every reported case then the three data-sets are entirely consistent with each other. We go on to discuss when in the epidemic such a high ratio of seroconverters to cases of disease might have been detected, either through patterns in the case reports or through even earlier serological surveys. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T01:42:38Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:9763c003-1bdc-4de8-802e-a60a88c38c4f |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T01:42:38Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:9763c003-1bdc-4de8-802e-a60a88c38c4f2022-03-26T23:59:10ZWhy was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small?Journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:9763c003-1bdc-4de8-802e-a60a88c38c4fEnglishSymplectic Elements at Oxford2012Kubiak, RMclean, AThe "Swine flu" pandemic of 2009 caused world-wide infections and deaths. Early efforts to understand its rate of spread were used to predict the probable future number of cases, but by the end of 2009 it was clear that these predictions had substantially overestimated the pandemic's eventual impact. In England, the Health Protection Agency made announcements of the number of cases of disease, which turned out to be surprisingly low for an influenza pandemic. The agency also carried out a serological survey half-way through the English epidemic. In this study, we use a mathematical model to reconcile early estimates of the rate of spread of infection, weekly data on the number of cases in the 2009 epidemic in England and the serological status of the English population at the end of the first pandemic wave. Our results reveal that if there are around 19 infections (i.e., seroconverters) for every reported case then the three data-sets are entirely consistent with each other. We go on to discuss when in the epidemic such a high ratio of seroconverters to cases of disease might have been detected, either through patterns in the case reports or through even earlier serological surveys. |
| spellingShingle | Kubiak, R Mclean, A Why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small? |
| title | Why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small? |
| title_full | Why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small? |
| title_fullStr | Why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small? |
| title_short | Why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in England so small? |
| title_sort | why was the 2009 influenza pandemic in england so small |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kubiakr whywasthe2009influenzapandemicinenglandsosmall AT mcleana whywasthe2009influenzapandemicinenglandsosmall |