Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae
We present ultraviolet (UV), optical and infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy of the type Ic superluminous supernova (SLSN) Gaia16apd (=SN 2016eay), covering its evolution from 26 d before the g-band peak to 234.1 d after the peak. Gaia16apd was followed as a part of the NOT Unbiased Transie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford University Press
2017
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| _version_ | 1826288534972006400 |
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| author | Kangas, T Blagorodnova, N Mattila, S Lundqvist, P Fraser, M Burgaz, U Cappellaro, E Martínez, JM Elias-Rosa, N Hardy, LK Harmanen, J Hsiao, EY Isern, J Kankare, E Kołaczkowski, Z Nielsen, MB Reynolds, TM Rhodes, L Somero, A Stritzinger, MD Wyrzykowski, Ł |
| author_facet | Kangas, T Blagorodnova, N Mattila, S Lundqvist, P Fraser, M Burgaz, U Cappellaro, E Martínez, JM Elias-Rosa, N Hardy, LK Harmanen, J Hsiao, EY Isern, J Kankare, E Kołaczkowski, Z Nielsen, MB Reynolds, TM Rhodes, L Somero, A Stritzinger, MD Wyrzykowski, Ł |
| author_sort | Kangas, T |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | We present ultraviolet (UV), optical and infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy of the type Ic superluminous supernova (SLSN) Gaia16apd (=SN 2016eay), covering its evolution from 26 d before the g-band peak to 234.1 d after the peak. Gaia16apd was followed as a part of the NOT Unbiased Transient Survey (NUTS). It is one of the closest SLSNe known (z = 0.102 ± 0.001), with detailed optical and UV observations covering the peak. Gaia16apd is a spectroscopically typical type Ic SLSN, exhibiting the characteristic blue early spectra with O II absorption, and reaches a peak Mg = −21.8 ± 0.1 mag. However, photometrically it exhibits an evolution intermediate between the fast and slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, with an early evolution closer to the fast-declining events. Together with LSQ12dlf, another SLSN with similar properties, it demonstrates a possible continuum between fast and slowly declining events. It is unusually UV-bright even for an SLSN, reaching a non-K-corrected Muvm2 −23.3 mag, the only other type Ic SLSN with similar UV brightness being SN 2010gx. Assuming that Gaia16apd was powered by magnetar spin-down, we derive a period of P = 1.9 ± 0.2 ms and a magnetic field of B = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 1014 G for the magnetar. The estimated ejecta mass is between 8 and 16 M, and the kinetic energy between 1.3 and 2.5 × 1052 erg, depending on opacity and assuming that the entire ejecta is swept up into a thin shell. Despite the early photometric differences, the spectra at late times are similar to slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, implying that the two subclasses originate from similar progenitors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T02:15:09Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:a1f80e6f-6cd4-4f61-ac04-b2b2ca684a47 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T02:15:09Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:a1f80e6f-6cd4-4f61-ac04-b2b2ca684a472022-03-27T02:17:02ZGaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovaeJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:a1f80e6f-6cd4-4f61-ac04-b2b2ca684a47EnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordOxford University Press2017Kangas, TBlagorodnova, NMattila, SLundqvist, PFraser, MBurgaz, UCappellaro, EMartínez, JMElias-Rosa, NHardy, LKHarmanen, JHsiao, EYIsern, JKankare, EKołaczkowski, ZNielsen, MBReynolds, TMRhodes, LSomero, AStritzinger, MDWyrzykowski, ŁWe present ultraviolet (UV), optical and infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy of the type Ic superluminous supernova (SLSN) Gaia16apd (=SN 2016eay), covering its evolution from 26 d before the g-band peak to 234.1 d after the peak. Gaia16apd was followed as a part of the NOT Unbiased Transient Survey (NUTS). It is one of the closest SLSNe known (z = 0.102 ± 0.001), with detailed optical and UV observations covering the peak. Gaia16apd is a spectroscopically typical type Ic SLSN, exhibiting the characteristic blue early spectra with O II absorption, and reaches a peak Mg = −21.8 ± 0.1 mag. However, photometrically it exhibits an evolution intermediate between the fast and slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, with an early evolution closer to the fast-declining events. Together with LSQ12dlf, another SLSN with similar properties, it demonstrates a possible continuum between fast and slowly declining events. It is unusually UV-bright even for an SLSN, reaching a non-K-corrected Muvm2 −23.3 mag, the only other type Ic SLSN with similar UV brightness being SN 2010gx. Assuming that Gaia16apd was powered by magnetar spin-down, we derive a period of P = 1.9 ± 0.2 ms and a magnetic field of B = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 1014 G for the magnetar. The estimated ejecta mass is between 8 and 16 M, and the kinetic energy between 1.3 and 2.5 × 1052 erg, depending on opacity and assuming that the entire ejecta is swept up into a thin shell. Despite the early photometric differences, the spectra at late times are similar to slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, implying that the two subclasses originate from similar progenitors. |
| spellingShingle | Kangas, T Blagorodnova, N Mattila, S Lundqvist, P Fraser, M Burgaz, U Cappellaro, E Martínez, JM Elias-Rosa, N Hardy, LK Harmanen, J Hsiao, EY Isern, J Kankare, E Kołaczkowski, Z Nielsen, MB Reynolds, TM Rhodes, L Somero, A Stritzinger, MD Wyrzykowski, Ł Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae |
| title | Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae |
| title_full | Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae |
| title_fullStr | Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae |
| title_short | Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae |
| title_sort | gaia16apd a link between fast and slowly declining type i superluminous supernovae |
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