Neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex
Rewards can be viewed as probability distributions of reward values. Besides expected (mean) value, a key parameter of such distributions is variance (or standard deviation), which constitutes a measure of risk. Single neurons in orbitofrontal cortex signal risk mostly separately from value. Compara...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
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Wiley
2011
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| _version_ | 1826289142150987776 |
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| author | Schultz, W O’Neill, M Tobler, P Kobayashi, S |
| author_facet | Schultz, W O’Neill, M Tobler, P Kobayashi, S |
| author_sort | Schultz, W |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Rewards can be viewed as probability distributions of reward values. Besides expected (mean) value, a key parameter of such distributions is variance (or standard deviation), which constitutes a measure of risk. Single neurons in orbitofrontal cortex signal risk mostly separately from value. Comparable risk signals in human frontal cortex reflect risk attitudes of individual participants. Subjective outcome value constitutes the primary economic decision variable. The terms risk avoidance and risk taking suggest that risk affects subjective outcome value, a basic tenet of economic decision theories. Correspondingly, risk reduces neuronal value signals in frontal cortex of human risk avoiders and enhances value signals in risk takers. Behavioral contrast effects and reference-dependent valuation demonstrate flexible reward valuation. As a potential correlate, value signals in orbitofrontal neurons adjust reward discrimination to variance (risk). These neurophysiological mechanisms of reward risk on economic decisions inform and validate theories of economic decision making under uncertainty. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T02:24:23Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:a51783c3-f6e3-4691-a1cf-99903fbe1ffa |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T02:24:23Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:a51783c3-f6e3-4691-a1cf-99903fbe1ffa2022-03-27T02:38:05ZNeuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortexJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:a51783c3-f6e3-4691-a1cf-99903fbe1ffaSymplectic Elements at OxfordWiley2011Schultz, WO’Neill, MTobler, PKobayashi, SRewards can be viewed as probability distributions of reward values. Besides expected (mean) value, a key parameter of such distributions is variance (or standard deviation), which constitutes a measure of risk. Single neurons in orbitofrontal cortex signal risk mostly separately from value. Comparable risk signals in human frontal cortex reflect risk attitudes of individual participants. Subjective outcome value constitutes the primary economic decision variable. The terms risk avoidance and risk taking suggest that risk affects subjective outcome value, a basic tenet of economic decision theories. Correspondingly, risk reduces neuronal value signals in frontal cortex of human risk avoiders and enhances value signals in risk takers. Behavioral contrast effects and reference-dependent valuation demonstrate flexible reward valuation. As a potential correlate, value signals in orbitofrontal neurons adjust reward discrimination to variance (risk). These neurophysiological mechanisms of reward risk on economic decisions inform and validate theories of economic decision making under uncertainty. |
| spellingShingle | Schultz, W O’Neill, M Tobler, P Kobayashi, S Neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex |
| title | Neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex |
| title_full | Neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex |
| title_fullStr | Neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex |
| title_short | Neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex |
| title_sort | neuronal signals for reward risk in frontal cortex |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schultzw neuronalsignalsforrewardriskinfrontalcortex AT oneillm neuronalsignalsforrewardriskinfrontalcortex AT toblerp neuronalsignalsforrewardriskinfrontalcortex AT kobayashis neuronalsignalsforrewardriskinfrontalcortex |