Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3's role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer's disease and is upregulated...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI
2021
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| _version_ | 1797112727043309568 |
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| author | Soares, LC Al-Dalahmah, O Hillis, J Young, CC Asbed, I Sakaguchi, M O'Neill, E Szele, FG |
| author_facet | Soares, LC Al-Dalahmah, O Hillis, J Young, CC Asbed, I Sakaguchi, M O'Neill, E Szele, FG |
| author_sort | Soares, LC |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3's role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer's disease and is upregulated in a large variety of brain injuries, while loss of Gal-3 function can diminish symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Several novel molecular pathways for Gal-3 were recently uncovered. It is a natural ligand for TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), and IR (insulin receptor). Gal-3 regulates a number of pathways including stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and modulating Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Gal-3 typically acts in pathology but is now known to affect subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the healthy brain. Despite its myriad interactors, Gal-3 has surprisingly specific and important functions in regulating SVZ neurogenesis in disease. Gal-1, a similar lectin often co-expressed with Gal-3, also has profound effects on brain pathology and adult neurogenesis. Remarkably, Gal-3's carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry. Gal-3 can be targeted pharmacologically and is a valid target for several diseases involving brain inflammation. The wealth of molecular pathways now known further suggest its modulation could be therapeutically useful. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T08:27:58Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:a58a24f6-7a79-4c0f-9615-46f8e61bd7a1 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T08:27:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:a58a24f6-7a79-4c0f-9615-46f8e61bd7a12024-02-27T07:19:16ZNovel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases Journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:a58a24f6-7a79-4c0f-9615-46f8e61bd7a1EnglishSymplectic ElementsMDPI2021Soares, LCAl-Dalahmah, OHillis, JYoung, CCAsbed, ISakaguchi, MO'Neill, ESzele, FGGalectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3's role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer's disease and is upregulated in a large variety of brain injuries, while loss of Gal-3 function can diminish symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Several novel molecular pathways for Gal-3 were recently uncovered. It is a natural ligand for TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), and IR (insulin receptor). Gal-3 regulates a number of pathways including stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and modulating Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Gal-3 typically acts in pathology but is now known to affect subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the healthy brain. Despite its myriad interactors, Gal-3 has surprisingly specific and important functions in regulating SVZ neurogenesis in disease. Gal-1, a similar lectin often co-expressed with Gal-3, also has profound effects on brain pathology and adult neurogenesis. Remarkably, Gal-3's carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry. Gal-3 can be targeted pharmacologically and is a valid target for several diseases involving brain inflammation. The wealth of molecular pathways now known further suggest its modulation could be therapeutically useful. |
| spellingShingle | Soares, LC Al-Dalahmah, O Hillis, J Young, CC Asbed, I Sakaguchi, M O'Neill, E Szele, FG Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases |
| title | Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases
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| title_full | Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases
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| title_fullStr | Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases
|
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases
|
| title_short | Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases
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| title_sort | novel galectin 3 roles in neurogenesis inflammation and neurological diseases |
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