Evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity
<p>How did spinal cord in vertebrates evolve to have its current morphology and function? To answer this I have looked at spinal cord organogenesis in different lineages. I use lamprey, a basally diverging vertebrate, as a model for the vertebrate ancestor and amphioxus, a cephalochordate, as...
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Outros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Tese |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
2021
|
| Assuntos: |
| _version_ | 1826290124843909120 |
|---|---|
| author | Leung, B |
| author2 | Shimeld, S |
| author_facet | Shimeld, S Leung, B |
| author_sort | Leung, B |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | <p>How did spinal cord in vertebrates evolve to have its current morphology and function? To answer this I have looked at spinal cord organogenesis in different lineages. I use lamprey, a basally diverging vertebrate, as a model for the vertebrate ancestor and amphioxus, a cephalochordate, as an out-group for comparison. I have approached the question from three dimensions, the anterior-posterior (AP) axis, dorsal-ventral (DV) axis, and the medial-lateral (ML) axis, with my main focus on DV patterning. When comparing gene expression, I found that expression patterns are more similar between lamprey and gnathostomes than between amphioxus and vertebrates. Building on this foundation, some candidate genes with defined neural cell type expression were chosen to study the effects of signalling pathway manipulation on spinal cord patterning. Despite conserved gene expression patterns in lamprey, the effects of signalling pathway manipulation are very different from those observed in gnathostomes, with amphioxus even more diverged. This suggests that the roles of signals evolved divergently along different chordate lineages. In addition to the gene expression and signal patterning levels, I have also investigated the non-coding sequence level. I found an enhancer upstream of lamprey Nkx2.2 which seems to be a vertebrate innovation. Overall, my work shows that gnathostomes, agnathans, and cephalochordates have evolved differently to pattern their spinal cord as demonstrated in the lack of cell type boundaries and different functions of signalling pathways in lamprey and differences in neuroanatomy, molecular pattern, and cis-regulatory elements in amphioxus.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T02:39:24Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oxford-uuid:a9e8ded7-370d-48cc-ac28-54eb80f72712 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T02:39:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:a9e8ded7-370d-48cc-ac28-54eb80f727122022-03-27T03:11:35ZEvolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversityThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06uuid:a9e8ded7-370d-48cc-ac28-54eb80f72712Developmental neurobiologyEvolution (Biology)EnglishHyrax Deposit2021Leung, BShimeld, SHolland, PFerrier, D<p>How did spinal cord in vertebrates evolve to have its current morphology and function? To answer this I have looked at spinal cord organogenesis in different lineages. I use lamprey, a basally diverging vertebrate, as a model for the vertebrate ancestor and amphioxus, a cephalochordate, as an out-group for comparison. I have approached the question from three dimensions, the anterior-posterior (AP) axis, dorsal-ventral (DV) axis, and the medial-lateral (ML) axis, with my main focus on DV patterning. When comparing gene expression, I found that expression patterns are more similar between lamprey and gnathostomes than between amphioxus and vertebrates. Building on this foundation, some candidate genes with defined neural cell type expression were chosen to study the effects of signalling pathway manipulation on spinal cord patterning. Despite conserved gene expression patterns in lamprey, the effects of signalling pathway manipulation are very different from those observed in gnathostomes, with amphioxus even more diverged. This suggests that the roles of signals evolved divergently along different chordate lineages. In addition to the gene expression and signal patterning levels, I have also investigated the non-coding sequence level. I found an enhancer upstream of lamprey Nkx2.2 which seems to be a vertebrate innovation. Overall, my work shows that gnathostomes, agnathans, and cephalochordates have evolved differently to pattern their spinal cord as demonstrated in the lack of cell type boundaries and different functions of signalling pathways in lamprey and differences in neuroanatomy, molecular pattern, and cis-regulatory elements in amphioxus.</p> |
| spellingShingle | Developmental neurobiology Evolution (Biology) Leung, B Evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity |
| title | Evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity |
| title_full | Evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity |
| title_fullStr | Evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity |
| title_short | Evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity |
| title_sort | evolution and development of spinal cord stem cells and cell type diversity |
| topic | Developmental neurobiology Evolution (Biology) |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leungb evolutionanddevelopmentofspinalcordstemcellsandcelltypediversity |