| Tóm tắt: | The resolution of optical imaging devices is ultimately limited by the diffraction of light. To circumvent this limit, modern super-resolution microscopy techniques employ active interaction with the object by exploiting its optical nonlinearities, nonclassical properties of the illumination beam, or near-field probing. Thus, they are not applicable in areas where interaction is not possible, for example, in astronomy or non-invasive biological imaging. Far-field and linear-optical super-resolution technique based on passive analysis of light coming from the object would cover these gaps. This thesis presents the first proof-of-principle demonstration of such a technique for general objects. It works by accessing information about spatial correlations of the image optical field and, hence, about the object itself via measuring projections into Hermite-Gaussian transverse spatial modes. In theory, the resolution of the technique scales as the inverse square root of the number of modes in each transverse dimension. With a basis of 21 spatial modes in both dimensions (21^2 = 441 modes), this experimental work demonstrates two-dimensional imaging with twofold resolution enhancement beyond the diffraction limit.
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