Norm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreements
Rulemaking in digital trade is proceeding apace. Many preferential trade agreements contain dedicated e-commerce or digital trade chapters and some states have entered into stand-alone digital economy agreements. This article seeks to establish whether, and to what extent, normative change is occurr...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2024
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| _version_ | 1811140056731090944 |
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| author | Jones, E Kira, B Tavengerwei, R |
| author_facet | Jones, E Kira, B Tavengerwei, R |
| author_sort | Jones, E |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Rulemaking in digital trade is proceeding apace. Many preferential trade agreements contain dedicated e-commerce or digital trade chapters and some states have entered into stand-alone digital economy agreements. This article seeks to establish whether, and to what extent, normative change is occurring in digital trade agreements, the nature of any changes, and identify which states are acting as norm entrepreneurs. We employ a new method of legal coding, systematically comparing the nature and prescriptiveness of digital provisions in 12 trade agreements concluded between 2019 and 2023. We find evidence of substantial policy innovation, and identify Singapore as the key norm entrepreneur. A new wave of ‘Singapore-led’ agreements substantially expands the scope of digital trade, to cover areas such as digital identities, e-invoicing and e-payments, the governance of AI, and regulation of new digital technologies. Commitments are typically couched as soft rather than hard law, reflecting the nascent stages of rulemaking. Norm entrepreneurship on the part of Singapore and its allies reflects a desire to position themselves as ‘digital hubs’ in the global economy, spur rulemaking in areas where innovation is ahead of regulation, and promote digital interconnectivity at time of regulatory divergence and geopolitical rivalry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-23T08:26:11Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:b093e18f-2e98-49b2-b52e-fd79999ef19d |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-25T04:15:55Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:b093e18f-2e98-49b2-b52e-fd79999ef19d2024-07-19T09:39:00ZNorm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreementsJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:b093e18f-2e98-49b2-b52e-fd79999ef19dEnglishSymplectic ElementsCambridge University Press2024Jones, EKira, BTavengerwei, RRulemaking in digital trade is proceeding apace. Many preferential trade agreements contain dedicated e-commerce or digital trade chapters and some states have entered into stand-alone digital economy agreements. This article seeks to establish whether, and to what extent, normative change is occurring in digital trade agreements, the nature of any changes, and identify which states are acting as norm entrepreneurs. We employ a new method of legal coding, systematically comparing the nature and prescriptiveness of digital provisions in 12 trade agreements concluded between 2019 and 2023. We find evidence of substantial policy innovation, and identify Singapore as the key norm entrepreneur. A new wave of ‘Singapore-led’ agreements substantially expands the scope of digital trade, to cover areas such as digital identities, e-invoicing and e-payments, the governance of AI, and regulation of new digital technologies. Commitments are typically couched as soft rather than hard law, reflecting the nascent stages of rulemaking. Norm entrepreneurship on the part of Singapore and its allies reflects a desire to position themselves as ‘digital hubs’ in the global economy, spur rulemaking in areas where innovation is ahead of regulation, and promote digital interconnectivity at time of regulatory divergence and geopolitical rivalry. |
| spellingShingle | Jones, E Kira, B Tavengerwei, R Norm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreements |
| title | Norm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreements |
| title_full | Norm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreements |
| title_fullStr | Norm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Norm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreements |
| title_short | Norm entrepreneurship in digital trade: the Singapore-led wave of digital trade agreements |
| title_sort | norm entrepreneurship in digital trade the singapore led wave of digital trade agreements |
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