| الملخص: | By transporting warm and salty water poleward, the Gulf Stream system maintains a mild climate in northwestern
Europe while also facilitating the dense water formation that feeds the deep ocean. The sensitivity of North Atlantic circulation
to future greenhouse gas emissions seen in climate models has prompted an increasing effort to monitor the various ocean
circulation components in recent decades. Here, we synthesise available ocean transport measurements from several observational programs in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, as well as an ocean state estimate (ECCOv4-r4), for an enhanced
understanding of the Gulf Stream and its poleward extensions as an interconnected circulation system. We see limited coherent
variability between the records on interannual time scales, highlighting the local oceanic response to atmospheric circulation
patterns and variable recirculation time scales within the gyres. On decadal time scales, we find a weakening subtropical circulation between the mid-2000s and mid-2010s, while the inflow and circulation in the Nordic Seas remained stable. Differing decadal trends in the subtropics, subpolar North Atlantic, and Nordic Seas warrant caution in using observational records at a
single latitude to infer large-scale circulation change.
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