Families, labor markets and policy

Using comparable data for 24 countries since the 1970s, we document gender convergence in schooling, employment and earnings, marriage delay and the accompanying decline in fertility, and the large remaining gaps in labor market outcomes, especially among parents. A model of time allocation illustra...

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Главные авторы: Albanesi, S, Claudia, O, Petrongolo, B
Формат: Working paper
Язык:English
Опубликовано: University of Oxford 2022
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author Albanesi, S
Claudia, O
Petrongolo, B
author_facet Albanesi, S
Claudia, O
Petrongolo, B
author_sort Albanesi, S
collection OXFORD
description Using comparable data for 24 countries since the 1970s, we document gender convergence in schooling, employment and earnings, marriage delay and the accompanying decline in fertility, and the large remaining gaps in labor market outcomes, especially among parents. A model of time allocation illustrates how the specialization of spouses in home or market production responds to preferences, comparative advantages and public policies. We draw lessons from existing evidence on the impacts of family policies on women’s careers and children’s wellbeing. There is to date little or no evidence of beneficial effects of longer parental leave (or fathers’ quotas) on maternal participation and earnings. In most cases longer leave de lays mothers’ return to work, without long-lasting consequences on their careers. More generous childcare funding instead encourages female participation whenever subsidized childcare replaces maternal childcare. Impacts on child development de pend on counterfactual childcare arrangements and tend to be more beneficial for disadvantaged households. In-work benefits targeted to low-earners have clear positive impacts on lone mothers’ employment and negligible impacts on other groups. While most of this literature takes policy as exogenous, political economy aspects of policy adoption help understand the interplay between societal changes, family policies and gender equality.
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spelling oxford-uuid:b5c96e22-e7bc-4cf6-a73d-1f23f3257a902022-12-09T06:16:45ZFamilies, labor markets and policyWorking paperhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042uuid:b5c96e22-e7bc-4cf6-a73d-1f23f3257a90EnglishSymplectic ElementsUniversity of Oxford2022Albanesi, SClaudia, OPetrongolo, BUsing comparable data for 24 countries since the 1970s, we document gender convergence in schooling, employment and earnings, marriage delay and the accompanying decline in fertility, and the large remaining gaps in labor market outcomes, especially among parents. A model of time allocation illustrates how the specialization of spouses in home or market production responds to preferences, comparative advantages and public policies. We draw lessons from existing evidence on the impacts of family policies on women’s careers and children’s wellbeing. There is to date little or no evidence of beneficial effects of longer parental leave (or fathers’ quotas) on maternal participation and earnings. In most cases longer leave de lays mothers’ return to work, without long-lasting consequences on their careers. More generous childcare funding instead encourages female participation whenever subsidized childcare replaces maternal childcare. Impacts on child development de pend on counterfactual childcare arrangements and tend to be more beneficial for disadvantaged households. In-work benefits targeted to low-earners have clear positive impacts on lone mothers’ employment and negligible impacts on other groups. While most of this literature takes policy as exogenous, political economy aspects of policy adoption help understand the interplay between societal changes, family policies and gender equality.
spellingShingle Albanesi, S
Claudia, O
Petrongolo, B
Families, labor markets and policy
title Families, labor markets and policy
title_full Families, labor markets and policy
title_fullStr Families, labor markets and policy
title_full_unstemmed Families, labor markets and policy
title_short Families, labor markets and policy
title_sort families labor markets and policy
work_keys_str_mv AT albanesis familieslabormarketsandpolicy
AT claudiao familieslabormarketsandpolicy
AT petrongolob familieslabormarketsandpolicy