| Summary: | The lack of methods to experimentally detect and quantify entanglement in quantum matter impedes our ability to identify materials hosting highly entangled phases, such as quantum spin liquids. We thus investigate the
feasibility of using inelastic neutron scattering (INS) to implement a model-independent measurement protocol
for entanglement based on three entanglement witnesses: one-tangle, two-tangle, and quantum Fisher information (QFI). We perform high-resolution INS measurements on Cs2CoCl4, a close realization of the S = 1/2
transverse-field XXZ spin chain, where we can control entanglement using the magnetic field, and compare
with density-matrix renormalization group calculations for validation. The three witnesses allow us to infer
entanglement properties and make deductions about the quantum state in the material. We find QFI to be a
particularly robust experimental probe of entanglement, whereas the one- and two-tangles require more careful
analysis. Our results lay the foundation for a general entanglement detection protocol for quantum spin systems
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