Dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivo
Acentriolar microtubule organizing centers (aMTOCs) are formed during meiosis and mitosis in several cell types, but their function and assembly mechanism is unclear. Importantly, aMTOCs can be overactive in cancer cells, enhancing multipolar spindle formation, merotelic kinetochore attachment and a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2015
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| _version_ | 1797091644898541568 |
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| author | Baumbach, J Novak, Z Raff, J Wainman, A |
| author_facet | Baumbach, J Novak, Z Raff, J Wainman, A |
| author_sort | Baumbach, J |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Acentriolar microtubule organizing centers (aMTOCs) are formed during meiosis and mitosis in several cell types, but their function and assembly mechanism is unclear. Importantly, aMTOCs can be overactive in cancer cells, enhancing multipolar spindle formation, merotelic kinetochore attachment and aneuploidy. Here we show that aMTOCs can form in acentriolar Drosophila somatic cells in vivo via an assembly pathway that depends on Asl, Cnn and, to a lesser extent, Spd-2--the same proteins that appear to drive mitotic centrosome assembly in flies. This finding enabled us to ablate aMTOC formation in acentriolar cells, and so perform a detailed genetic analysis of the contribution of aMTOCs to acentriolar mitotic spindle formation. Here we show that although aMTOCs can nucleate microtubules, they do not detectably increase the efficiency of acentriolar spindle assembly in somatic fly cells. We find that they are required, however, for robust microtubule array assembly in cells without centrioles that also lack microtubule nucleation from around the chromatin. Importantly, aMTOCs are also essential for dynein-dependent acentriolar spindle pole focusing and for robust cell proliferation in the absence of centrioles and HSET/Ncd (a kinesin essential for acentriolar spindle pole focusing in many systems). We propose an updated model for acentriolar spindle pole coalescence by the molecular motors Ncd/HSET and dynein in conjunction with aMTOCs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T03:35:57Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:bc4812ca-043d-410a-bdff-a0a21cbf9943 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T03:35:57Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:bc4812ca-043d-410a-bdff-a0a21cbf99432022-03-27T05:23:15ZDissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivoJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:bc4812ca-043d-410a-bdff-a0a21cbf9943EnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordPublic Library of Science2015Baumbach, JNovak, ZRaff, JWainman, AAcentriolar microtubule organizing centers (aMTOCs) are formed during meiosis and mitosis in several cell types, but their function and assembly mechanism is unclear. Importantly, aMTOCs can be overactive in cancer cells, enhancing multipolar spindle formation, merotelic kinetochore attachment and aneuploidy. Here we show that aMTOCs can form in acentriolar Drosophila somatic cells in vivo via an assembly pathway that depends on Asl, Cnn and, to a lesser extent, Spd-2--the same proteins that appear to drive mitotic centrosome assembly in flies. This finding enabled us to ablate aMTOC formation in acentriolar cells, and so perform a detailed genetic analysis of the contribution of aMTOCs to acentriolar mitotic spindle formation. Here we show that although aMTOCs can nucleate microtubules, they do not detectably increase the efficiency of acentriolar spindle assembly in somatic fly cells. We find that they are required, however, for robust microtubule array assembly in cells without centrioles that also lack microtubule nucleation from around the chromatin. Importantly, aMTOCs are also essential for dynein-dependent acentriolar spindle pole focusing and for robust cell proliferation in the absence of centrioles and HSET/Ncd (a kinesin essential for acentriolar spindle pole focusing in many systems). We propose an updated model for acentriolar spindle pole coalescence by the molecular motors Ncd/HSET and dynein in conjunction with aMTOCs. |
| spellingShingle | Baumbach, J Novak, Z Raff, J Wainman, A Dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivo |
| title | Dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivo |
| title_full | Dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivo |
| title_fullStr | Dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivo |
| title_short | Dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in Drosophila cells in vivo |
| title_sort | dissecting the function and assembly of acentriolar microtubule organizing centers in drosophila cells in vivo |
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