| Тойм: | The uses of surface directing species (SDS) and surface additives to alter nanoparticle morphology and physico-chemical properties of particular exposed facets have recently been attracting a significant attention. However, the challenges in their chemical analysis sometimes at trace levels, understanding their roles to elucidate surface structure-activity relationships in optical (solar cells) or (photo)catalytic performance and their removals, are of great significance that remain to be solved. Here, we show a detailed analysis of TiO2 facets promoted with surface species (OH, O, SO4, F) w/o post-treatments by 31P adsorbate-NMR supported with a range of other characterization tools. It is demonstrated for the first time that this study can obtain quantitative evaluations of the electronic and structural effects imposed by these surface additives and their removal mechanisms, which could lead to rational controls of active TiO2 (001) and (101) facets for important applications
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