Primaquine: the risks and the benefits.
Primaquine is the only generally available anti-malarial that prevents relapse in vivax and ovale malaria, and the only potent gametocytocide in falciparum malaria. Primaquine becomes increasingly important as malaria-endemic countries move towards elimination, and although it is widely recommended,...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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BioMed Central
2014
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| _version_ | 1797095015065845760 |
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| author | Ashley, E Recht, J White, N |
| author_facet | Ashley, E Recht, J White, N |
| author_sort | Ashley, E |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Primaquine is the only generally available anti-malarial that prevents relapse in vivax and ovale malaria, and the only potent gametocytocide in falciparum malaria. Primaquine becomes increasingly important as malaria-endemic countries move towards elimination, and although it is widely recommended, it is commonly not given to malaria patients because of haemolytic toxicity in subjects who are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient (gene frequency typically 3-30% in malaria endemic areas; >180 different genetic variants). In six decades of primaquine use in approximately 200 million people, 14 deaths have been reported. Confining the estimate to reports with known denominators gives an estimated mortality of one in 621,428 (upper 95% CI: one in 407,807). All but one death followed multiple dosing to prevent vivax malaria relapse. Review of dose-response relationships and clinical trials of primaquine in G6PD deficiency suggests that the currently recommended WHO single low dose (0.25 mg base/kg) to block falciparum malaria transmission confers a very low risk of haemolytic toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:21:58Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:cb5207fb-b1d9-444a-894e-aca21ea7351f |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:21:58Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:cb5207fb-b1d9-444a-894e-aca21ea7351f2022-03-27T07:13:59ZPrimaquine: the risks and the benefits.Journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:cb5207fb-b1d9-444a-894e-aca21ea7351fEnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordBioMed Central2014Ashley, ERecht, JWhite, NPrimaquine is the only generally available anti-malarial that prevents relapse in vivax and ovale malaria, and the only potent gametocytocide in falciparum malaria. Primaquine becomes increasingly important as malaria-endemic countries move towards elimination, and although it is widely recommended, it is commonly not given to malaria patients because of haemolytic toxicity in subjects who are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient (gene frequency typically 3-30% in malaria endemic areas; >180 different genetic variants). In six decades of primaquine use in approximately 200 million people, 14 deaths have been reported. Confining the estimate to reports with known denominators gives an estimated mortality of one in 621,428 (upper 95% CI: one in 407,807). All but one death followed multiple dosing to prevent vivax malaria relapse. Review of dose-response relationships and clinical trials of primaquine in G6PD deficiency suggests that the currently recommended WHO single low dose (0.25 mg base/kg) to block falciparum malaria transmission confers a very low risk of haemolytic toxicity. |
| spellingShingle | Ashley, E Recht, J White, N Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. |
| title | Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. |
| title_full | Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. |
| title_fullStr | Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. |
| title_short | Primaquine: the risks and the benefits. |
| title_sort | primaquine the risks and the benefits |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ashleye primaquinetherisksandthebenefits AT rechtj primaquinetherisksandthebenefits AT whiten primaquinetherisksandthebenefits |