Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study
<br><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.</br> <br><...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Journal article |
| Lenguaje: | English |
| Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2019
|
| _version_ | 1826296994373566464 |
|---|---|
| author | de Ritter, R Sep, SJS van der Kallen, CJH Woodward, M Peters, SAE Stehouwer, CDA |
| author_facet | de Ritter, R Sep, SJS van der Kallen, CJH Woodward, M Peters, SAE Stehouwer, CDA |
| author_sort | de Ritter, R |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | <br><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.</br>
<br><strong>Research: </strong>design and methods In a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.</br>
<br><strong>Results: </strong>In pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:−0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.</br>
<br><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.</br> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:24:51Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:cc46dd2a-dd7f-494c-b6a9-db4658bc79a4 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:24:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:cc46dd2a-dd7f-494c-b6a9-db4658bc79a42022-03-27T07:20:50ZAdverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht StudyJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:cc46dd2a-dd7f-494c-b6a9-db4658bc79a4EnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordBMJ Publishing Group2019de Ritter, RSep, SJSvan der Kallen, CJHWoodward, MPeters, SAEStehouwer, CDA<br><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.</br> <br><strong>Research: </strong>design and methods In a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.</br> <br><strong>Results: </strong>In pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:−0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.</br> <br><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.</br> |
| spellingShingle | de Ritter, R Sep, SJS van der Kallen, CJH Woodward, M Peters, SAE Stehouwer, CDA Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study |
| title | Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study |
| title_full | Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study |
| title_fullStr | Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study |
| title_short | Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study |
| title_sort | adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men the maastricht study |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT deritterr adversedifferencesincardiometabolicriskfactorlevelsbetweenindividualswithprediabetesandnormalglucosemetabolismaremorepronouncedinwomenthaninmenthemaastrichtstudy AT sepsjs adversedifferencesincardiometabolicriskfactorlevelsbetweenindividualswithprediabetesandnormalglucosemetabolismaremorepronouncedinwomenthaninmenthemaastrichtstudy AT vanderkallencjh adversedifferencesincardiometabolicriskfactorlevelsbetweenindividualswithprediabetesandnormalglucosemetabolismaremorepronouncedinwomenthaninmenthemaastrichtstudy AT woodwardm adversedifferencesincardiometabolicriskfactorlevelsbetweenindividualswithprediabetesandnormalglucosemetabolismaremorepronouncedinwomenthaninmenthemaastrichtstudy AT peterssae adversedifferencesincardiometabolicriskfactorlevelsbetweenindividualswithprediabetesandnormalglucosemetabolismaremorepronouncedinwomenthaninmenthemaastrichtstudy AT stehouwercda adversedifferencesincardiometabolicriskfactorlevelsbetweenindividualswithprediabetesandnormalglucosemetabolismaremorepronouncedinwomenthaninmenthemaastrichtstudy |