| Shrnutí: | <p>Institutional considerations should not be underestimated in the pursuit of integrating transport. As was noted in Chapter 2 of this volume, in order to achieve policy integration, the institutional basis for intersectoral or intergovernmental working is crucial. The primary issue under examination here is the interplay between organizations and institutions. In Chapter 17, we are presented with an example of how the disconnect between responsibilities and levels of government played a role in the failure of achieving integrated transport in a city in Israel; and in Chapter 18, we see how the complexities of existing organizational structures are problematic to better integrate public transport in France.</p> <p>From these examples and from the evidence discussed in this chapter, it is clear that there is a need for integration at the institutional level to achieve certain policy goals. Here, the challenge posed by climate change is used to highlight this need and to demonstrate exactly why integration – of disparate organizations and the institutions they deliver – is fundamental to achieving integrated transport and in this case, reducing emissions.</p> <p>A successful response to climate change requires joined-up thinking and collaboration between otherwise disparate entities, as can be seen when confronting transport-related emissions. While institutions are being introduced to tackle the climate impact of our mobility, conventional forms of decision making may be inhibiting the progress of these measures in reducing emissions. This chapter argues that in order to effectively address the immense challenge posed by transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the institutions which govern transport infrastructures, and those responsible for commanding climate change mitigation also need to be integrated.</p> <p>As a case in point, this chapter will examine California’s Senate Bill 375 (SB 375), passed in October 2008 – an institution designed to integrate land use and transportation funding in order to reduce GHG emissions. It will discuss some of the challenges and barriers, institutional in nature, which need to be overcome in order for the Bill to be successfully implemented and highlight how existing bureaucratic structures may prevent this positive intervention to address climate change delivering on its aims and objectives.</p> <p>Before looking specifically at SB 375, the chapter will first clearly define ‘institutions’ and ‘integration’, as used here, and identify the types of barriers which stand to challenge policy implementation. Finally, lessons taken from California’s experiences will be considered in the broader context and further research needs identified.</p>
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