Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive processes such as attention and memory may influence food intake, but the degree to which they do is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether such cognitive processes influence the amount of food eaten either immediately or in subsequent meals. DESIGN: We system...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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2013
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| _version_ | 1826298305735294976 |
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| author | Robinson, E Aveyard, P Daley, A Jolly, K Lewis, A Lycett, D Higgs, S |
| author_facet | Robinson, E Aveyard, P Daley, A Jolly, K Lewis, A Lycett, D Higgs, S |
| author_sort | Robinson, E |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | BACKGROUND: Cognitive processes such as attention and memory may influence food intake, but the degree to which they do is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether such cognitive processes influence the amount of food eaten either immediately or in subsequent meals. DESIGN: We systematically reviewed studies that examined experimentally the effect that manipulating memory, distraction, awareness, or attention has on food intake. We combined studies by using inverse variance meta-analysis, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between experimental and control groups and assessing heterogeneity with the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were reviewed. Evidence indicated that eating when distracted produced a moderate increase in immediate intake (SMD: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.53) but increased later intake to a greater extent (SMD: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.07). The effect of distraction on immediate intake appeared to be independent of dietary restraint. Enhancing memory of food consumed reduced later intake (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.68), but this effect may depend on the degree of the participants' tendencies toward disinhibited eating. Removing visual information about the amount of food eaten during a meal increased immediate intake (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.68). Enhancing awareness of food being eaten may not affect immediate intake (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.35). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence indicates that attentive eating is likely to influence food intake, and incorporation of attentive-eating principles into interventions provides a novel approach to aid weight loss and maintenance without the need for conscious calorie counting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:44:48Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:d2df6abb-7990-44b8-9074-d83a339464d6 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:44:48Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:d2df6abb-7990-44b8-9074-d83a339464d62022-03-27T08:07:13ZEating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating.Journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:d2df6abb-7990-44b8-9074-d83a339464d6EnglishSymplectic Elements at Oxford2013Robinson, EAveyard, PDaley, AJolly, KLewis, ALycett, DHiggs, SBACKGROUND: Cognitive processes such as attention and memory may influence food intake, but the degree to which they do is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether such cognitive processes influence the amount of food eaten either immediately or in subsequent meals. DESIGN: We systematically reviewed studies that examined experimentally the effect that manipulating memory, distraction, awareness, or attention has on food intake. We combined studies by using inverse variance meta-analysis, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between experimental and control groups and assessing heterogeneity with the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were reviewed. Evidence indicated that eating when distracted produced a moderate increase in immediate intake (SMD: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.53) but increased later intake to a greater extent (SMD: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.07). The effect of distraction on immediate intake appeared to be independent of dietary restraint. Enhancing memory of food consumed reduced later intake (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.68), but this effect may depend on the degree of the participants' tendencies toward disinhibited eating. Removing visual information about the amount of food eaten during a meal increased immediate intake (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.68). Enhancing awareness of food being eaten may not affect immediate intake (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.35). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence indicates that attentive eating is likely to influence food intake, and incorporation of attentive-eating principles into interventions provides a novel approach to aid weight loss and maintenance without the need for conscious calorie counting. |
| spellingShingle | Robinson, E Aveyard, P Daley, A Jolly, K Lewis, A Lycett, D Higgs, S Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating. |
| title | Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating. |
| title_full | Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating. |
| title_fullStr | Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating. |
| title_short | Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating. |
| title_sort | eating attentively a systematic review and meta analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating |
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