Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies
Induction of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) capable of inhibiting infection with diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a key, as-yet-unachieved goal of prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine strategies. However some HIV-infected individuals develop bnAbs after ~2-4 years of...
| Autors principals: | , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
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Wiley
2017
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| _version_ | 1826298671274131456 |
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| author | Borrow, P Moody, M |
| author_facet | Borrow, P Moody, M |
| author_sort | Borrow, P |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Induction of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) capable of inhibiting infection with diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a key, as-yet-unachieved goal of prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine strategies. However some HIV-infected individuals develop bnAbs after ~2-4 years of infection, enabling analysis of features of these antibodies and the immunological environment that enables their induction. Distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells play opposing roles in the regulation of humoral responses: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells support germinal centre formation and provide help for affinity maturation and the development of memory B cells and plasma cells, whilst regulatory CD4+ (Treg) cells including T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells inhibit the germinal centre reaction to limit autoantibody production. BnAbs exhibit high somatic mutation frequencies, long third heavy chain complementarity determining regions and/or autoreactivity, suggesting that bnAb generation is likely to be highly dependent on the activity of CD4+ Tfh cells, and may be constrained by host tolerance controls. This review discusses what is known about the immunological environment during HIV-1 infection, in particular alterations in CD4+ Tfh, Treg and Tfr populations and autoantibody generation, and how this is related to bnAb development, and considers the implications for HIV-1 vaccine design. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:50:24Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:d4be8f64-d30d-45f5-a0d2-e3073b75a87c |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T04:50:24Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:d4be8f64-d30d-45f5-a0d2-e3073b75a87c2022-03-27T08:20:57ZImmunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodiesJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:d4be8f64-d30d-45f5-a0d2-e3073b75a87cSymplectic Elements at OxfordWiley2017Borrow, PMoody, MInduction of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) capable of inhibiting infection with diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a key, as-yet-unachieved goal of prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine strategies. However some HIV-infected individuals develop bnAbs after ~2-4 years of infection, enabling analysis of features of these antibodies and the immunological environment that enables their induction. Distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells play opposing roles in the regulation of humoral responses: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells support germinal centre formation and provide help for affinity maturation and the development of memory B cells and plasma cells, whilst regulatory CD4+ (Treg) cells including T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells inhibit the germinal centre reaction to limit autoantibody production. BnAbs exhibit high somatic mutation frequencies, long third heavy chain complementarity determining regions and/or autoreactivity, suggesting that bnAb generation is likely to be highly dependent on the activity of CD4+ Tfh cells, and may be constrained by host tolerance controls. This review discusses what is known about the immunological environment during HIV-1 infection, in particular alterations in CD4+ Tfh, Treg and Tfr populations and autoantibody generation, and how this is related to bnAb development, and considers the implications for HIV-1 vaccine design. |
| spellingShingle | Borrow, P Moody, M Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies |
| title | Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies |
| title_full | Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies |
| title_fullStr | Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies |
| title_short | Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies |
| title_sort | immunologic characteristics of hiv infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT borrowp immunologiccharacteristicsofhivinfectedindividualswhomakebroadlyneutralizingantibodies AT moodym immunologiccharacteristicsofhivinfectedindividualswhomakebroadlyneutralizingantibodies |