Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes; however, their effectiveness in people with obesity is incompletely understood. We studied the relationship among body m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
2023
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| _version_ | 1797111539363217408 |
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| author | van der Klaauw, AA Horner, EC Pereyra-Gerber, P Agrawal, U Foster, WS Spencer, S Vergese, B Smith, M Henning, E Ramsay, ID Smith, JA Guillaume, SM Sharpe, HJ Hay, IM Thompson, S Innocentin, S Booth, LH Robertson, C McCowan, C Kerr, S Mulroney, TE O'Reilly, MJ Gurugama, TP Gurugama, LP Rust, MA Ferreira, A Ebrahimi, S Ceron-Gutierrez, L Scotucci, J Kronsteiner, B Dunachie, SJ Klenerman, P Park, AJ Rubino, F Lamikanra, AA Stark, H Kingston, N Estcourt, L Harvala, H Roberts, DJ Doffinger, R Linterman, MA Matheson, NJ Sheikh, A Farooqi, IS Thaventhiran, JED |
| author2 | PITCH Consortium |
| author_facet | PITCH Consortium van der Klaauw, AA Horner, EC Pereyra-Gerber, P Agrawal, U Foster, WS Spencer, S Vergese, B Smith, M Henning, E Ramsay, ID Smith, JA Guillaume, SM Sharpe, HJ Hay, IM Thompson, S Innocentin, S Booth, LH Robertson, C McCowan, C Kerr, S Mulroney, TE O'Reilly, MJ Gurugama, TP Gurugama, LP Rust, MA Ferreira, A Ebrahimi, S Ceron-Gutierrez, L Scotucci, J Kronsteiner, B Dunachie, SJ Klenerman, P Park, AJ Rubino, F Lamikanra, AA Stark, H Kingston, N Estcourt, L Harvala, H Roberts, DJ Doffinger, R Linterman, MA Matheson, NJ Sheikh, A Farooqi, IS Thaventhiran, JED |
| author_sort | van der Klaauw, AA |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Obesity is associated with an increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes; however, their effectiveness in people with obesity is incompletely understood. We studied the relationship among body mass index (BMI), hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 among 3.6 million people in Scotland using the Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) surveillance platform. We found that vaccinated individuals with severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were 76% more likely to experience hospitalization or death from COVID-19 (adjusted rate ratio of 1.76 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.60–1.94). We also conducted a prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of 28 individuals with severe obesity compared to 41 control individuals with normal BMI (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). We found that 55% of individuals with severe obesity had unquantifiable titers of neutralizing antibody against authentic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus compared to 12% of individuals with normal BMI (<i>P</i> = 0.0003) 6 months after their second vaccine dose. Furthermore, we observed that, for individuals with severe obesity, at any given anti-spike and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody level, neutralizing capacity was lower than that of individuals with a normal BMI. Neutralizing capacity was restored by a third dose of vaccine but again declined more rapidly in people with severe obesity. We demonstrate that waning of COVID-19 vaccine-induced humoral immunity is accelerated in individuals with severe obesity. As obesity is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality from breakthrough infections, our findings have implications for vaccine prioritization policies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T08:10:15Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:dae6a805-a431-47a7-8cbb-128f5da89096 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T08:10:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Springer Nature |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:dae6a805-a431-47a7-8cbb-128f5da890962023-11-20T17:13:54ZAccelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesityJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:dae6a805-a431-47a7-8cbb-128f5da89096EnglishSymplectic ElementsSpringer Nature2023van der Klaauw, AAHorner, ECPereyra-Gerber, PAgrawal, UFoster, WSSpencer, SVergese, BSmith, MHenning, ERamsay, IDSmith, JAGuillaume, SMSharpe, HJHay, IMThompson, SInnocentin, SBooth, LHRobertson, CMcCowan, CKerr, SMulroney, TEO'Reilly, MJGurugama, TPGurugama, LPRust, MAFerreira, AEbrahimi, SCeron-Gutierrez, LScotucci, JKronsteiner, BDunachie, SJKlenerman, PPark, AJRubino, FLamikanra, AAStark, HKingston, NEstcourt, LHarvala, HRoberts, DJDoffinger, RLinterman, MAMatheson, NJSheikh, AFarooqi, ISThaventhiran, JEDPITCH ConsortiumObesity is associated with an increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes; however, their effectiveness in people with obesity is incompletely understood. We studied the relationship among body mass index (BMI), hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 among 3.6 million people in Scotland using the Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) surveillance platform. We found that vaccinated individuals with severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were 76% more likely to experience hospitalization or death from COVID-19 (adjusted rate ratio of 1.76 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.60–1.94). We also conducted a prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of 28 individuals with severe obesity compared to 41 control individuals with normal BMI (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). We found that 55% of individuals with severe obesity had unquantifiable titers of neutralizing antibody against authentic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus compared to 12% of individuals with normal BMI (<i>P</i> = 0.0003) 6 months after their second vaccine dose. Furthermore, we observed that, for individuals with severe obesity, at any given anti-spike and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody level, neutralizing capacity was lower than that of individuals with a normal BMI. Neutralizing capacity was restored by a third dose of vaccine but again declined more rapidly in people with severe obesity. We demonstrate that waning of COVID-19 vaccine-induced humoral immunity is accelerated in individuals with severe obesity. As obesity is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality from breakthrough infections, our findings have implications for vaccine prioritization policies. |
| spellingShingle | van der Klaauw, AA Horner, EC Pereyra-Gerber, P Agrawal, U Foster, WS Spencer, S Vergese, B Smith, M Henning, E Ramsay, ID Smith, JA Guillaume, SM Sharpe, HJ Hay, IM Thompson, S Innocentin, S Booth, LH Robertson, C McCowan, C Kerr, S Mulroney, TE O'Reilly, MJ Gurugama, TP Gurugama, LP Rust, MA Ferreira, A Ebrahimi, S Ceron-Gutierrez, L Scotucci, J Kronsteiner, B Dunachie, SJ Klenerman, P Park, AJ Rubino, F Lamikanra, AA Stark, H Kingston, N Estcourt, L Harvala, H Roberts, DJ Doffinger, R Linterman, MA Matheson, NJ Sheikh, A Farooqi, IS Thaventhiran, JED Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity |
| title | Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity |
| title_full | Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity |
| title_fullStr | Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity |
| title_short | Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity |
| title_sort | accelerated waning of the humoral response to covid 19 vaccines in obesity |
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