| Streszczenie: | <p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The role of dietary protein and glycemic index on insulin resistance (based on TyG index) within a nutritional program for weight loss and weight maintenance was examined.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study analyzed 744 adults with overweight/obesity within the DIOGenes project. Patients who lost at least 8% of their initial weight (0–8 weeks) after a low-calorie diet (LCD) were randomly assigned to one of five ad libitum diets designed for weight maintenance (8–34 weeks): high/low protein (HP/LP) and high/low glycemic index (HGI/LGI), plus a control. The complete nutritional program (0–34 weeks) included both LCD plus the randomized diets intervention. The TyG index was tested as marker of body mass composition and insulin resistance.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> In comparison with the LP/HGI diet, the HP/LGI diet induced a greater BMI loss (<em>p</em> < 0.05). ∆TyG was positively associated with resistance to BMI loss (β = 0.343, <em>p</em> = 0.042) during the weight maintenance stage. In patients who followed the HP/LGI diet, TyG (after LCD) correlated with greater BMI loss in the 8–34 weeks period (r = −0.256; <em>p</em> < 0.05) and during the 0–34 weeks intervention (r = −0.222, <em>p</em> < 0.05) periods. ΔTyG<sub>1</sub> value was associated with ΔBMI<sub>2</sub> (β = 0.932; <em>p</em> = 0.045) concerning the HP/LGI diet.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A HP/LGI diet is beneficial not only for weight maintenance after a LCD, but is also related to IR amelioration as assessed by TyG index changes. Registration Clinical Trials NCT00390637.</p>
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