Kinetics of immune responses to the AZD1222/Covishield vaccine with varying dose intervals in Sri Lankan individuals

<p><strong>Background</strong></p> To understand the kinetics of immune responses with different dosing gaps of the AZD1222 vaccine, we compared antibody and T cell responses in two cohorts with two different dosing gaps. <p><strong>Methods</strong></p&g...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser: Jeewandara, C, Aberathna, IS, Gomes, L, Pushpakumara, PD, Danasekara, S, Guruge, D, Ranasinghe, T, Gunasekera, B, Kamaladasa, A, Kuruppu, H, Somathilake, G, Dissanayake, O, Gamalath, N, Ekanayake, D, Jayamali, J, Jayathilaka, D, Mudunkotuwa, A, Harvie, M, Nimasha, T, Wijayamuni, R, Schimanski, L, Rijal, P, Tan, TK, Dong, T, Townsend, A, Ogg, GS, Malavige, GN
Format: Journal article
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Wiley 2022
Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:<p><strong>Background</strong></p> To understand the kinetics of immune responses with different dosing gaps of the AZD1222 vaccine, we compared antibody and T cell responses in two cohorts with two different dosing gaps. <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus were assessed in 297 individuals with a dosing gap of 12 weeks, sampled 12 weeks post second dose (cohort 1) and in 77 individuals with a median dosing gap of 21.4 weeks (cohort 2) sampled 6 weeks post second dose. ACE2-blocking antibodies (ACE2-blocking Abs), antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of variants of concern (VOC), and ex vivo T cell responses were assessed in a subcohort. <p><strong>Results</strong></p> All individuals (100%) had SARS-CoV-2-specific total antibodies and 94.2% of cohort 1 and 97.1% of cohort 2 had ACE2-blocking Abs. There was no difference in antibody titers or positivity rates in different age groups in both cohorts. The ACE2-blocking Abs (p < .0001) and antibodies to the RBD of the VOCs were significantly higher in cohort 2 compared to cohort 1. 41.2% to 65.8% of different age groups gave a positive response by the hemagglutination assay to the RBD of the ancestral virus and VOCs in cohort 1, while 53.6%–90% gave a positive response in cohort 2. 17/57 (29.8%) of cohort 1 and 17/29 (58.6%) of cohort 2 had ex vivo interferon (IFN)γ ELISpot responses above the positive threshold. The ACE2-blocking antibodies (Spearman's r = .46, p = .008) and ex vivo IFNγ responses (Spearman's r = .71, p < .0001) at 12 weeks post first dose, significantly correlated with levels 12 weeks post second dose. <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> Both dosing schedules resulted in high antibody and T cell responses post vaccination, although those with a longer dosing gap had a higher magnitude of responses, possibly as immune responses were measured 6 weeks post second dose compared to 12 weeks post second dose.