Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls

Many people are understandably excited by the suggestion that the chemical senses can be digitized; be it to deliver ambient fragrances (e.g., in virtual reality or health-related applications), or else to transmit flavour experiences via the internet. However, to date, progress in this area has bee...

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Main Authors: Spence, C, Obrist, M, Velasco, C, Ranasinghe, N
Format: Journal article
Published: Elsevier 2017
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author Spence, C
Obrist, M
Velasco, C
Ranasinghe, N
author_facet Spence, C
Obrist, M
Velasco, C
Ranasinghe, N
author_sort Spence, C
collection OXFORD
description Many people are understandably excited by the suggestion that the chemical senses can be digitized; be it to deliver ambient fragrances (e.g., in virtual reality or health-related applications), or else to transmit flavour experiences via the internet. However, to date, progress in this area has been surprisingly slow. Furthermore, the majority of the attempts at successful commercialization have failed, often in the face of consumer ambivalence over the perceived benefits/utility. In this review, with the focus squarely on the domain of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), we summarize the state-of-the-art in the area. We highlight the key possibilities and pitfalls as far as stimulating the so-called ‘lower’ senses of taste, smell, and the trigeminal system are concerned. Ultimately, we suggest that mixed reality solutions are currently the most plausible as far as delivering (or rather modulating) flavour experiences digitally is concerned. The key problems with digital fragrance delivery are related to attention and attribution. People often fail to detect fragrances when they are concentrating on something else; And even when they detect that their chemical senses have been stimulated, there is always a danger that they attribute their experience (e.g., pleasure) to one of the other senses – this is what we call ‘the fundamental attribution error’. We conclude with an outlook on digitizing the chemical senses and summarize a set of open-ended questions that the HCI community has to address in future explorations of smell and taste as interaction modalities.
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spelling oxford-uuid:ed721d7f-98da-4105-adb9-d7ed217d6fa92022-03-27T11:25:05ZDigitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfallsJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:ed721d7f-98da-4105-adb9-d7ed217d6fa9Symplectic Elements at OxfordElsevier2017Spence, CObrist, MVelasco, CRanasinghe, NMany people are understandably excited by the suggestion that the chemical senses can be digitized; be it to deliver ambient fragrances (e.g., in virtual reality or health-related applications), or else to transmit flavour experiences via the internet. However, to date, progress in this area has been surprisingly slow. Furthermore, the majority of the attempts at successful commercialization have failed, often in the face of consumer ambivalence over the perceived benefits/utility. In this review, with the focus squarely on the domain of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), we summarize the state-of-the-art in the area. We highlight the key possibilities and pitfalls as far as stimulating the so-called ‘lower’ senses of taste, smell, and the trigeminal system are concerned. Ultimately, we suggest that mixed reality solutions are currently the most plausible as far as delivering (or rather modulating) flavour experiences digitally is concerned. The key problems with digital fragrance delivery are related to attention and attribution. People often fail to detect fragrances when they are concentrating on something else; And even when they detect that their chemical senses have been stimulated, there is always a danger that they attribute their experience (e.g., pleasure) to one of the other senses – this is what we call ‘the fundamental attribution error’. We conclude with an outlook on digitizing the chemical senses and summarize a set of open-ended questions that the HCI community has to address in future explorations of smell and taste as interaction modalities.
spellingShingle Spence, C
Obrist, M
Velasco, C
Ranasinghe, N
Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls
title Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls
title_full Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls
title_fullStr Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls
title_full_unstemmed Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls
title_short Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls
title_sort digitizing the chemical senses possibilities amp pitfalls
work_keys_str_mv AT spencec digitizingthechemicalsensespossibilitiesamppitfalls
AT obristm digitizingthechemicalsensespossibilitiesamppitfalls
AT velascoc digitizingthechemicalsensespossibilitiesamppitfalls
AT ranasinghen digitizingthechemicalsensespossibilitiesamppitfalls