New routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites
Methods for chemical surface functionalization for carbon black (CB) nanoparticles were studied to produce (CB)/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with superior electrical and thermal properties. Nanoparticle dispersion is known to directly control the extent to which nanocomposites maximize the uniq...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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American Chemical Society
2016
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| _version_ | 1797102764659048448 |
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| author | Shepherd, C Hadzifejzovic, E Shkal, F Jurkschat, K Moghal, J Parker, E Sawangphruk, M Slocombe, D Foord, J Moloney, M |
| author_facet | Shepherd, C Hadzifejzovic, E Shkal, F Jurkschat, K Moghal, J Parker, E Sawangphruk, M Slocombe, D Foord, J Moloney, M |
| author_sort | Shepherd, C |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Methods for chemical surface functionalization for carbon black (CB) nanoparticles were studied to produce (CB)/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with superior electrical and thermal properties. Nanoparticle dispersion is known to directly control the extent to which nanocomposites maximize the unique attributes of their nanoscale fillers. As a result, tailored nanoparticle surface chemistry is a widely utilized method to enhance the interfacial interactions between nanoparticles and polymer matrices, assisting improved filler dispersion. In this work, a rapid chemical functionalization approach using a number of diarylcarbene derivatives, followed by the azo-coupling of substituted diazonium salts, for the covalent introduction of selected functional groups to the CB surface, is reported. Characterization of the modified CB by XPS, TGA, CHN, and ATR-IR collectively confirmed surface functionalization, estimating surface grafting densities of the order of 10(13) and 10(14) molecules/cm(2). Nanocomposites, synthesized by solvent mixing PP with pristine and modified CB, demonstrated macroscopic property changes as a result of the nanoparticle surface functionalization. Pronounced improvements were observed for PP nanocomposites prepared with a dodecyl-terminated diaryl functionalized CB, in which TEM analysis established improved nanofiller dispersion owing to the enhanced CB-PP interfacial interactions in the nanocomposite. Observed dielectric relaxation responses at 20 wt % loading and a reduced percolation threshold realized conductivities of 1.19 × 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 10 wt %, compared to 2.62 × 10(-15) S cm(-1) for pristine CB/PP nanocomposites at the same filler loading. In addition, thermal properties signify an increase in the number of nucleation sites by the raised degree of crystallinity as well as increased melting and crystallization temperatures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T06:10:26Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:ef4cc839-8473-47d2-86f8-7f800dc4c253 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T06:10:26Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | American Chemical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:ef4cc839-8473-47d2-86f8-7f800dc4c2532022-03-27T11:39:17ZNew routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocompositesJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:ef4cc839-8473-47d2-86f8-7f800dc4c253EnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordAmerican Chemical Society2016Shepherd, CHadzifejzovic, EShkal, FJurkschat, KMoghal, JParker, ESawangphruk, MSlocombe, DFoord, JMoloney, MMethods for chemical surface functionalization for carbon black (CB) nanoparticles were studied to produce (CB)/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with superior electrical and thermal properties. Nanoparticle dispersion is known to directly control the extent to which nanocomposites maximize the unique attributes of their nanoscale fillers. As a result, tailored nanoparticle surface chemistry is a widely utilized method to enhance the interfacial interactions between nanoparticles and polymer matrices, assisting improved filler dispersion. In this work, a rapid chemical functionalization approach using a number of diarylcarbene derivatives, followed by the azo-coupling of substituted diazonium salts, for the covalent introduction of selected functional groups to the CB surface, is reported. Characterization of the modified CB by XPS, TGA, CHN, and ATR-IR collectively confirmed surface functionalization, estimating surface grafting densities of the order of 10(13) and 10(14) molecules/cm(2). Nanocomposites, synthesized by solvent mixing PP with pristine and modified CB, demonstrated macroscopic property changes as a result of the nanoparticle surface functionalization. Pronounced improvements were observed for PP nanocomposites prepared with a dodecyl-terminated diaryl functionalized CB, in which TEM analysis established improved nanofiller dispersion owing to the enhanced CB-PP interfacial interactions in the nanocomposite. Observed dielectric relaxation responses at 20 wt % loading and a reduced percolation threshold realized conductivities of 1.19 × 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 10 wt %, compared to 2.62 × 10(-15) S cm(-1) for pristine CB/PP nanocomposites at the same filler loading. In addition, thermal properties signify an increase in the number of nucleation sites by the raised degree of crystallinity as well as increased melting and crystallization temperatures. |
| spellingShingle | Shepherd, C Hadzifejzovic, E Shkal, F Jurkschat, K Moghal, J Parker, E Sawangphruk, M Slocombe, D Foord, J Moloney, M New routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites |
| title | New routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites |
| title_full | New routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | New routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | New routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites |
| title_short | New routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites |
| title_sort | new routes to functionalize carbon black for polypropylene nanocomposites |
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