Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate associations between early life air pollution and subsequent mortality. DESIGN:Geographical study. SETTING:Local government districts within England and Wales. EXPOSURE:Routinely collected geographical data on the use of coal and related solid fuels in 1951-1952 were used as an...
| Główni autorzy: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Język: | English |
| Wydane: |
BMJ
2018
|
| _version_ | 1826305605067866112 |
|---|---|
| author | Phillips, DIW Osmond, C Southall, H Aucott, P Jones, A Holgate, ST |
| author_facet | Phillips, DIW Osmond, C Southall, H Aucott, P Jones, A Holgate, ST |
| author_sort | Phillips, DIW |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | OBJECTIVE:To evaluate associations between early life air pollution and subsequent mortality. DESIGN:Geographical study. SETTING:Local government districts within England and Wales. EXPOSURE:Routinely collected geographical data on the use of coal and related solid fuels in 1951-1952 were used as an index of air pollution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:We evaluated the relationship between these data and both all-cause and disease-specific mortality among men and women aged 35-74 years in local government districts between 1993 and 2012. RESULTS:Domestic (household) coal consumption had the most powerful associations with mortality. There were strong correlations between domestic coal use and all-cause mortality (relative risk per SD increase in fuel use 1.124, 95% CI 1.123 to 1.126), and respiratory (1.238, 95% CI 1.234 to 1.242), cardiovascular (1.138, 95% CI 1.136 to 1.140) and cancer mortality (1.073, 95% CI 1.071 to 1.075). These effects persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic indicators in 1951, current socioeconomic indicators and current pollution levels. CONCLUSION:Coal was the major cause of pollution in the UK until the Clean Air Act of 1956 led to a rapid decline in consumption. These data suggest that coal-based pollution, experienced over 60 years ago in early life, affects human health now by increasing mortality from a wide variety of diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T06:35:22Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:f770add5-cbcc-4ad7-a7a4-a1af5fd0c6a2 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T06:35:22Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | BMJ |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:f770add5-cbcc-4ad7-a7a4-a1af5fd0c6a22022-03-27T12:42:38ZEvaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and WalesJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:f770add5-cbcc-4ad7-a7a4-a1af5fd0c6a2EnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordBMJ2018Phillips, DIWOsmond, CSouthall, HAucott, PJones, AHolgate, STOBJECTIVE:To evaluate associations between early life air pollution and subsequent mortality. DESIGN:Geographical study. SETTING:Local government districts within England and Wales. EXPOSURE:Routinely collected geographical data on the use of coal and related solid fuels in 1951-1952 were used as an index of air pollution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:We evaluated the relationship between these data and both all-cause and disease-specific mortality among men and women aged 35-74 years in local government districts between 1993 and 2012. RESULTS:Domestic (household) coal consumption had the most powerful associations with mortality. There were strong correlations between domestic coal use and all-cause mortality (relative risk per SD increase in fuel use 1.124, 95% CI 1.123 to 1.126), and respiratory (1.238, 95% CI 1.234 to 1.242), cardiovascular (1.138, 95% CI 1.136 to 1.140) and cancer mortality (1.073, 95% CI 1.071 to 1.075). These effects persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic indicators in 1951, current socioeconomic indicators and current pollution levels. CONCLUSION:Coal was the major cause of pollution in the UK until the Clean Air Act of 1956 led to a rapid decline in consumption. These data suggest that coal-based pollution, experienced over 60 years ago in early life, affects human health now by increasing mortality from a wide variety of diseases. |
| spellingShingle | Phillips, DIW Osmond, C Southall, H Aucott, P Jones, A Holgate, ST Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales |
| title | Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales |
| title_full | Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales |
| title_short | Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales |
| title_sort | evaluating the long term consequences of air pollution in early life geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951 1952 and current mortality in england and wales |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT phillipsdiw evaluatingthelongtermconsequencesofairpollutioninearlylifegeographicalcorrelationsbetweencoalconsumptionin19511952andcurrentmortalityinenglandandwales AT osmondc evaluatingthelongtermconsequencesofairpollutioninearlylifegeographicalcorrelationsbetweencoalconsumptionin19511952andcurrentmortalityinenglandandwales AT southallh evaluatingthelongtermconsequencesofairpollutioninearlylifegeographicalcorrelationsbetweencoalconsumptionin19511952andcurrentmortalityinenglandandwales AT aucottp evaluatingthelongtermconsequencesofairpollutioninearlylifegeographicalcorrelationsbetweencoalconsumptionin19511952andcurrentmortalityinenglandandwales AT jonesa evaluatingthelongtermconsequencesofairpollutioninearlylifegeographicalcorrelationsbetweencoalconsumptionin19511952andcurrentmortalityinenglandandwales AT holgatest evaluatingthelongtermconsequencesofairpollutioninearlylifegeographicalcorrelationsbetweencoalconsumptionin19511952andcurrentmortalityinenglandandwales |