Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford University Press
2020
|
| _version_ | 1797104664402984960 |
|---|---|
| author | Sieri, S Agnoli, C Grioni, S Tong, TYN |
| author_facet | Sieri, S Agnoli, C Grioni, S Tong, TYN |
| author_sort | Sieri, S |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | <p><strong>Background</strong></p>
<p>High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with increased CHD risk.</p>
<p><strong>Objectives</strong></p>
<p>The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary GI, GL, and available carbohydrates are associated with CHD risk in both sexes.</p>
<p><strong>Methods</strong></p>
<p>This large prospective study—the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition—consisted of 338,325 participants who completed a dietary questionnaire. HRs with 95% CIs for a CHD event, in relation to intake of GI, GL, and carbohydrates, were estimated using covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.</p>
<p><strong>Results</strong></p>
<p>After 12.8 y (median), 6378 participants had experienced a CHD event. High GL was associated with greater CHD risk [HR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.31) highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend 0.035; HR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.29) per 50 g/day of GL intake]. The association between GL and CHD risk was evident in subjects with BMI (in kg/m2) ≥25 [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.35) per 50 g/d] but not in those with BMI <25 [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.22) per 50 g/d) (P-interaction = 0.022). The GL–CHD association did not differ between men [HR: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.30) per 50 g/d] and women [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.40) per 50 g/d] (test for interaction not significant). GI was associated with CHD risk only in the continuous model [HR: 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 5 units/d]. High available carbohydrate was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) per 50 g/d]. High sugar intake was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) per 50 g/d].</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p>
<p>This large pan-European study provides robust additional support for the hypothesis that a diet that induces a high glucose response is associated with greater CHD risk.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T06:36:47Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:f7ee111a-f0b2-48d9-95a7-416553a94d21 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T06:36:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:f7ee111a-f0b2-48d9-95a7-416553a94d212022-03-27T12:46:26ZGlycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort studyJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:f7ee111a-f0b2-48d9-95a7-416553a94d21EnglishSymplectic ElementsOxford University Press2020Sieri, SAgnoli, CGrioni, STong, TYN<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with increased CHD risk.</p> <p><strong>Objectives</strong></p> <p>The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary GI, GL, and available carbohydrates are associated with CHD risk in both sexes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>This large prospective study—the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition—consisted of 338,325 participants who completed a dietary questionnaire. HRs with 95% CIs for a CHD event, in relation to intake of GI, GL, and carbohydrates, were estimated using covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>After 12.8 y (median), 6378 participants had experienced a CHD event. High GL was associated with greater CHD risk [HR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.31) highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend 0.035; HR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.29) per 50 g/day of GL intake]. The association between GL and CHD risk was evident in subjects with BMI (in kg/m2) ≥25 [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.35) per 50 g/d] but not in those with BMI <25 [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.22) per 50 g/d) (P-interaction = 0.022). The GL–CHD association did not differ between men [HR: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.30) per 50 g/d] and women [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.40) per 50 g/d] (test for interaction not significant). GI was associated with CHD risk only in the continuous model [HR: 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 5 units/d]. High available carbohydrate was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) per 50 g/d]. High sugar intake was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) per 50 g/d].</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>This large pan-European study provides robust additional support for the hypothesis that a diet that induces a high glucose response is associated with greater CHD risk.</p> |
| spellingShingle | Sieri, S Agnoli, C Grioni, S Tong, TYN Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study |
| title | Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study |
| title_full | Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study |
| title_short | Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study |
| title_sort | glycemic index glycemic load and risk of coronary heart disease a pan european cohort study |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sieris glycemicindexglycemicloadandriskofcoronaryheartdiseaseapaneuropeancohortstudy AT agnolic glycemicindexglycemicloadandriskofcoronaryheartdiseaseapaneuropeancohortstudy AT grionis glycemicindexglycemicloadandriskofcoronaryheartdiseaseapaneuropeancohortstudy AT tongtyn glycemicindexglycemicloadandriskofcoronaryheartdiseaseapaneuropeancohortstudy |