Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (S...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2018
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/1/08%20%20Nur%20Aainaa%20Syahirah%20Ramli.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796931618705768448 |
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| author | Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, |
| author_facet | Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, |
| author_sort | Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, |
| collection | UKM |
| description | Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (SiO2) catalyst was prepared by modification of SiO2 with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different concentrations; 0.5 M to 5 M H2SO4. The catalysts were characterized, and tested for esterification of LA with ethanol to ethyl levulinate (EL). The effect of various reaction parameters including reaction time, catalyst loading and molar ratio of LA to ethanol on esterification of LA to EL were inspected. The catalyst with high concentration of acid sites seemed suitable for LA esterification to EL. Among the sulfated SiO2 catalysts tested (0.5 M-SiO2, 1 M-SiO2, 3 M-SiO2 and 5 M-SiO2), 3 M-SiO2 exhibited the highest performance with the optimum EL yield of 54% for reaction conducted at reflux temperature for 4 h, 30% 3 M-SiO2 loading and LA to ethanol molar ratio of 1:20. Besides, the reusability of 3 M-SiO2 catalyst for LA esterification with ethanol was examined for five cycles. Esterification of LA with methanol and 1-butanol were also carried out for methyl levulinate (ML) and butyl levulinate (BL) productions with 69% and 40% of ML and BL yields, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of sulfated SiO2 catalyst for levulinate ester production from LA at mild process condition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T04:20:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ukm.eprints-12117 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T04:20:38Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ukm.eprints-121172018-09-28T22:02:04Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/ Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (SiO2) catalyst was prepared by modification of SiO2 with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different concentrations; 0.5 M to 5 M H2SO4. The catalysts were characterized, and tested for esterification of LA with ethanol to ethyl levulinate (EL). The effect of various reaction parameters including reaction time, catalyst loading and molar ratio of LA to ethanol on esterification of LA to EL were inspected. The catalyst with high concentration of acid sites seemed suitable for LA esterification to EL. Among the sulfated SiO2 catalysts tested (0.5 M-SiO2, 1 M-SiO2, 3 M-SiO2 and 5 M-SiO2), 3 M-SiO2 exhibited the highest performance with the optimum EL yield of 54% for reaction conducted at reflux temperature for 4 h, 30% 3 M-SiO2 loading and LA to ethanol molar ratio of 1:20. Besides, the reusability of 3 M-SiO2 catalyst for LA esterification with ethanol was examined for five cycles. Esterification of LA with methanol and 1-butanol were also carried out for methyl levulinate (ML) and butyl levulinate (BL) productions with 69% and 40% of ML and BL yields, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of sulfated SiO2 catalyst for levulinate ester production from LA at mild process condition. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2018-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/1/08%20%20Nur%20Aainaa%20Syahirah%20Ramli.pdf Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, and Nur Irsalina Hisham, and Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, (2018) Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst. Sains Malaysiana, 47 (6). pp. 1131-1138. ISSN 0126-6039 http://www.ukm.my/jsm/malay_journals/jilid47bil6_2018/KandunganJilid47Bil6_2018.html |
| spellingShingle | Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst |
| title | Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst |
| title_full | Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst |
| title_fullStr | Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst |
| title_short | Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst |
| title_sort | esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/1/08%20%20Nur%20Aainaa%20Syahirah%20Ramli.pdf |
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