| Summary: | Citations are significant academically for establishing research backgrounds and justifying a research problem.
In spite of the increasing studies on citations, limited studies have employed the Systemic Functional Linguistics
in analysing citations. Therefore, this study explores the logico-semantic relations in citations with clause
complexes, employing the ideational metafunction of the Functional Theory. The study adopted a purposeful
sampling in selecting the literature review chapters of 20 PhD theses by EFL postgraduates in a public
Malaysian university in two disciplines: Information Technology and Applied Linguistics. The findings revealed
that citations were structured to realise two logico-semantic relations, mainly Expansion and Projection with
several subcategories for each. A combination of Projection and Expansion was also used, which resulted in
reclassifying the logico-semantic relations. The findings could present comprehensive descriptions of citations
that could be pedagogically utilised for academic purposes.
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