Summary: | Water quality issues had been the main concern in worldwide as water resource keeps being polluted. River acts as the
main source of drinking water, habitat for aquatic life, agriculture and industry. Poor in water quality led to the increase n
water treatment expenses, water scarcity and affect health. River pollution is caused by industrial discharge, sewage and
wastewater, chemical fertilizers and pesticides and mining activities. This paper aims to review and comments on factors to
be incorporated in water quality study. Water quality index and pollutants are found to be the critical factors. USA, Canada,
Iraq, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia used different parameters in calculating WQI. The parameters being considered in
the WQI are then classified the river according to their classes and usage. Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia
has highlighted three main pollutants in water quality study which are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammoniacal
Nitrogen (NH3
N) and Suspended Solid (SS) due to their great influence on WQI calculation. However, standard treated water
quality in Malaysia is still based on Environmental Quality Act, 1974 which is nearly 50 years ago. Emerging pollutants
which are mainly organic compounds present as pharmaceuticals and personal care products are found in water resources
nowadays and the treatment should be improvised along time. Some modification of class on usage of water as irrigation
should be considered and the relevant of considering two oxygen demands in calculating WQI (BOD and COD).
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