Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production
Addressing the challenge of clean energy and waste management for sustainable development goals, ZSM-5 were synthesized from high-abundance volcano mud (VM) precursor and then utilized as catalyst in biodiesel production. Unlike conventional alkali treatment, we used the reflux method to extract the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2024
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24651/1/SS%2015.pdf |
| _version_ | 1824449787015987200 |
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| author | Hartati, Hartati A’yuni, Qurrota Fitri, Medya Ayunda Izzah, Adiba Naila Novitalina, Melinda Intan Firda, Putri Bintang Dea Nufus, Tazkiyatun Prasetyoko, Didik Harmami, Harmami Hasliza Bahruji, Shahrul Nizam Ahmad, |
| author_facet | Hartati, Hartati A’yuni, Qurrota Fitri, Medya Ayunda Izzah, Adiba Naila Novitalina, Melinda Intan Firda, Putri Bintang Dea Nufus, Tazkiyatun Prasetyoko, Didik Harmami, Harmami Hasliza Bahruji, Shahrul Nizam Ahmad, |
| author_sort | Hartati, Hartati |
| collection | UKM |
| description | Addressing the challenge of clean energy and waste management for sustainable development goals, ZSM-5 were synthesized from high-abundance volcano mud (VM) precursor and then utilized as catalyst in biodiesel production. Unlike conventional alkali treatment, we used the reflux method to extract the silica-alumina from the VM. K2CO3 alkali salt was utilized as the extractor, activator, and structure-directing agent. The synthesis was also performed using NaOH as a comparison. Various analytical techniques were employed including XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM, N2 physisorption, and GC-MS to identify the effect of alkali types on the crystallization rate, morphology, and catalytic activity. Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 was successfully synthesized. It is found that K2CO3 facilitates a slow crystallization rate, requiring a minimum of 5 h of hydrothermal treatment to produce ZSM-5. Interestingly, slow crystallization led to homogeneous ZSM-5 particles with a narrow size distribution and a high mesoporous structure. In contrast, NaOH promoted a faster crystallization rate, producing inhomogeneous ZSM-5 particles size with a dominant microporosity. Two different feedstock qualities i.e., waste cooking oil (WCO) and oleic acid (OA) were used to assess the catalyst’s versatility. Among all zeolites synthesized using K2CO3, ZK6 exhibited the highest activity, with an 85.9% yield and 30% selectivity for FAME in WCO feedstock. In high-quality OA feedstock, ZK6 achieved significantly higher activity of 97.1% yield with 87.6% selectivity for FAME. ZNa6, the comparable sample synthesized with NaOH, achieved a 78.2% yield with 60.4% FAME selectivity in WCO feedstock. A higher catalytic activity of 97.5% yield with 100% selectivity towards FAME was achieved using high-purity OA feedstock. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-19T02:08:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ukm.eprints-24651 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-19T02:08:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ukm.eprints-246512025-01-06T04:50:53Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24651/ Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production Hartati, Hartati A’yuni, Qurrota Fitri, Medya Ayunda Izzah, Adiba Naila Novitalina, Melinda Intan Firda, Putri Bintang Dea Nufus, Tazkiyatun Prasetyoko, Didik Harmami, Harmami Hasliza Bahruji, Shahrul Nizam Ahmad, Addressing the challenge of clean energy and waste management for sustainable development goals, ZSM-5 were synthesized from high-abundance volcano mud (VM) precursor and then utilized as catalyst in biodiesel production. Unlike conventional alkali treatment, we used the reflux method to extract the silica-alumina from the VM. K2CO3 alkali salt was utilized as the extractor, activator, and structure-directing agent. The synthesis was also performed using NaOH as a comparison. Various analytical techniques were employed including XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM, N2 physisorption, and GC-MS to identify the effect of alkali types on the crystallization rate, morphology, and catalytic activity. Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 was successfully synthesized. It is found that K2CO3 facilitates a slow crystallization rate, requiring a minimum of 5 h of hydrothermal treatment to produce ZSM-5. Interestingly, slow crystallization led to homogeneous ZSM-5 particles with a narrow size distribution and a high mesoporous structure. In contrast, NaOH promoted a faster crystallization rate, producing inhomogeneous ZSM-5 particles size with a dominant microporosity. Two different feedstock qualities i.e., waste cooking oil (WCO) and oleic acid (OA) were used to assess the catalyst’s versatility. Among all zeolites synthesized using K2CO3, ZK6 exhibited the highest activity, with an 85.9% yield and 30% selectivity for FAME in WCO feedstock. In high-quality OA feedstock, ZK6 achieved significantly higher activity of 97.1% yield with 87.6% selectivity for FAME. ZNa6, the comparable sample synthesized with NaOH, achieved a 78.2% yield with 60.4% FAME selectivity in WCO feedstock. A higher catalytic activity of 97.5% yield with 100% selectivity towards FAME was achieved using high-purity OA feedstock. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2024 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24651/1/SS%2015.pdf Hartati, Hartati and A’yuni, Qurrota and Fitri, Medya Ayunda and Izzah, Adiba Naila and Novitalina, Melinda Intan and Firda, Putri Bintang Dea and Nufus, Tazkiyatun and Prasetyoko, Didik and Harmami, Harmami and Hasliza Bahruji, and Shahrul Nizam Ahmad, (2024) Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production. Sains Malaysiana, 53 (11). pp. 3721-3734. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol53num11_2024/contentsVol53num11_2024.html |
| spellingShingle | Hartati, Hartati A’yuni, Qurrota Fitri, Medya Ayunda Izzah, Adiba Naila Novitalina, Melinda Intan Firda, Putri Bintang Dea Nufus, Tazkiyatun Prasetyoko, Didik Harmami, Harmami Hasliza Bahruji, Shahrul Nizam Ahmad, Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production |
| title | Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production |
| title_full | Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production |
| title_fullStr | Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production |
| title_short | Highly crystalline, pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production |
| title_sort | highly crystalline pure zsm 5 from k2co3 treated mud and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24651/1/SS%2015.pdf |
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