Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate.
The Malaysian skincare industry is growing rapidly with a vast number of new sunscreens being produced annually. Inadequate skincare regulations and lack of enforcement have resulted in the overrating of sunscreens’ quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit UKM
2012
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/6740/1/03-MS154_%2884-96%29.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825725859886006272 |
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| author | Khamsiah N, Lai, NS Nurfarhanim M, Nor Aimi AR, Mohd Syazwan Che Seman, Goon, JA |
| author_facet | Khamsiah N, Lai, NS Nurfarhanim M, Nor Aimi AR, Mohd Syazwan Che Seman, Goon, JA |
| author_sort | Khamsiah N, |
| collection | UKM |
| description | The Malaysian skincare industry is growing rapidly with a vast number of new
sunscreens being produced annually. Inadequate skincare regulations and lack of
enforcement have resulted in the overrating of sunscreens’ quality. The objectives
of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the local and international
sunscreens and to determine the effects of adding concentrated antioxidants into
them. Three local and three internationally manufactured sunscreens were tested for
the in vitro Ultraviolet A protection factor (UVAPF), Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and
photostability. The creams were spread onto roughened polymethylmethacrylate
plates where the absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer before and
after two hours of sunlight irradiation. The procedure was repeated combining
available concentrated vitamin C and E creams. International sunscreens were
found to have more accurate SPF labels (p=0.009) while local sunscreens were
found to be more photostable (p=0.003). However, both sunscreens had inadequate
UVAPF (p=0.471). Vitamin C enhanced the SPF values (p= 0.04) of both groups of
sunscreens while vitamin E enhanced their photostability (p=0.000). Interestingly,
combining vitamins C and E rich creams with the sunscreens had no effect on the
SPF and UVAPF values as compared to the use of a single vitamin. More importantly,
the combination of vitamins decreased the photostability (p=0.002) of sunscreens
as compared to the addition of vitamin E alone. In conclusion, photoprotection is
best achieved when sunscreens are used together with creams containing either
vitamin C or E alone.
KHAMSIAH N1, LAI NS2, NURFARHANIM M2, NOR AIMI AR2, MOHD SYAZWAN CS2, GOON JA |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T04:02:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ukm.eprints-6740 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T04:02:03Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Penerbit UKM |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ukm.eprints-67402016-12-14T06:42:04Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/6740/ Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. Khamsiah N, Lai, NS Nurfarhanim M, Nor Aimi AR, Mohd Syazwan Che Seman, Goon, JA The Malaysian skincare industry is growing rapidly with a vast number of new sunscreens being produced annually. Inadequate skincare regulations and lack of enforcement have resulted in the overrating of sunscreens’ quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the local and international sunscreens and to determine the effects of adding concentrated antioxidants into them. Three local and three internationally manufactured sunscreens were tested for the in vitro Ultraviolet A protection factor (UVAPF), Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and photostability. The creams were spread onto roughened polymethylmethacrylate plates where the absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer before and after two hours of sunlight irradiation. The procedure was repeated combining available concentrated vitamin C and E creams. International sunscreens were found to have more accurate SPF labels (p=0.009) while local sunscreens were found to be more photostable (p=0.003). However, both sunscreens had inadequate UVAPF (p=0.471). Vitamin C enhanced the SPF values (p= 0.04) of both groups of sunscreens while vitamin E enhanced their photostability (p=0.000). Interestingly, combining vitamins C and E rich creams with the sunscreens had no effect on the SPF and UVAPF values as compared to the use of a single vitamin. More importantly, the combination of vitamins decreased the photostability (p=0.002) of sunscreens as compared to the addition of vitamin E alone. In conclusion, photoprotection is best achieved when sunscreens are used together with creams containing either vitamin C or E alone. KHAMSIAH N1, LAI NS2, NURFARHANIM M2, NOR AIMI AR2, MOHD SYAZWAN CS2, GOON JA Penerbit UKM 2012-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/6740/1/03-MS154_%2884-96%29.pdf Khamsiah N, and Lai, NS and Nurfarhanim M, and Nor Aimi AR, and Mohd Syazwan Che Seman, and Goon, JA (2012) Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. Medicine & Health, 7 (2). pp. 84-96. ISSN 1823-2140 http://www.medicineandhealthukm.com/ |
| spellingShingle | Khamsiah N, Lai, NS Nurfarhanim M, Nor Aimi AR, Mohd Syazwan Che Seman, Goon, JA Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. |
| title | Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. |
| title_full | Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. |
| title_fullStr | Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. |
| title_short | Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian climate. |
| title_sort | photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the malaysian climate |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/6740/1/03-MS154_%2884-96%29.pdf |
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