Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia
High consumer demand for shellfish has led to the need for large-scale, reliable shellfish supply through aquaculture or shellfish farming. However, bacterial infections which can spread rapidly among shellfish poses a major threat to this industry. Shellfish farmers therefore often resort to extens...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media
2015
|
| Subjects: |
| _version_ | 1825720782806843392 |
|---|---|
| author | Letchumanan, Vengadesh Pusparajah, Priyia Tan, Loh Teng Hern Yin, Wai Fong Lee, Learn Han Chan, Kok Gan |
| author_facet | Letchumanan, Vengadesh Pusparajah, Priyia Tan, Loh Teng Hern Yin, Wai Fong Lee, Learn Han Chan, Kok Gan |
| author_sort | Letchumanan, Vengadesh |
| collection | UM |
| description | High consumer demand for shellfish has led to the need for large-scale, reliable shellfish supply through aquaculture or shellfish farming. However, bacterial infections which can spread rapidly among shellfish poses a major threat to this industry. Shellfish farmers therefore often resort to extensive use of antibiotics, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in order to protect their stocks. The extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has been postulated to represent a major contributing factor in the rising incidence of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic bacteria in shellfish. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and determine the antibiotic resistance profile as well as to perform plasmid curing in order to determine the antibiotic resistance mediation. Based on colony morphology, all 450 samples tested were positive for Vibrio sp; however, tox-R assay showed that only 44.4% (200/450) of these were V. parahaemolyticus. Out of these 200 samples, 6.5% (13/200) were trh-positive while none were tdh-positive. Antibiotic resistance was determined for all V parahaemolyticus identified against 14 commonly used antibiotics and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) was calculated. The isolates demonstrated high resistance to several antibiotics tested- including second and third-line antibiotics- with 88% resistant to ampicillin, 81% to amikacin,70.5% to kanamycin, 73% to cefotaxime, and 51.5% to ceftazidime. The MAR index ranged from 0.00 to 0.79 with the majority of samples having an index of 0.36 (resistant to five antibiotics). Among the 13 trh-positive strains, almost 70% (9/13) demonstrated resistance to 4 or more antibiotics. Plasmid profiling for all V parahaemolyticus isolates revealed that 86.5% (173/200) contained plasmids - ranging from 1 to 7 plasmids with DNA band sizes ranging from 1.2 kb to greater than 10 kb. 6/13 of the pathogenic V pathogenic strains contained plasmid. After plasmid curing, the plasmid containing pathogenic strains isolated in our study have chromosomally mediated ampicillin resistance while the remaining resistance phenotypes are plasmid mediated. Overall, our results indicate that while the incidence of pathogenic V parahaemolyticus in shellfish in Selangor still appears to be at relatively reassuring levels, antibiotic resistance is a real concern and warrants ongoing surveillance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T05:40:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | um.eprints-16164 |
| institution | Universiti Malaya |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T05:40:24Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | um.eprints-161642019-12-23T05:48:01Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/16164/ Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia Letchumanan, Vengadesh Pusparajah, Priyia Tan, Loh Teng Hern Yin, Wai Fong Lee, Learn Han Chan, Kok Gan Q Science (General) QR Microbiology High consumer demand for shellfish has led to the need for large-scale, reliable shellfish supply through aquaculture or shellfish farming. However, bacterial infections which can spread rapidly among shellfish poses a major threat to this industry. Shellfish farmers therefore often resort to extensive use of antibiotics, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in order to protect their stocks. The extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has been postulated to represent a major contributing factor in the rising incidence of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic bacteria in shellfish. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and determine the antibiotic resistance profile as well as to perform plasmid curing in order to determine the antibiotic resistance mediation. Based on colony morphology, all 450 samples tested were positive for Vibrio sp; however, tox-R assay showed that only 44.4% (200/450) of these were V. parahaemolyticus. Out of these 200 samples, 6.5% (13/200) were trh-positive while none were tdh-positive. Antibiotic resistance was determined for all V parahaemolyticus identified against 14 commonly used antibiotics and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) was calculated. The isolates demonstrated high resistance to several antibiotics tested- including second and third-line antibiotics- with 88% resistant to ampicillin, 81% to amikacin,70.5% to kanamycin, 73% to cefotaxime, and 51.5% to ceftazidime. The MAR index ranged from 0.00 to 0.79 with the majority of samples having an index of 0.36 (resistant to five antibiotics). Among the 13 trh-positive strains, almost 70% (9/13) demonstrated resistance to 4 or more antibiotics. Plasmid profiling for all V parahaemolyticus isolates revealed that 86.5% (173/200) contained plasmids - ranging from 1 to 7 plasmids with DNA band sizes ranging from 1.2 kb to greater than 10 kb. 6/13 of the pathogenic V pathogenic strains contained plasmid. After plasmid curing, the plasmid containing pathogenic strains isolated in our study have chromosomally mediated ampicillin resistance while the remaining resistance phenotypes are plasmid mediated. Overall, our results indicate that while the incidence of pathogenic V parahaemolyticus in shellfish in Selangor still appears to be at relatively reassuring levels, antibiotic resistance is a real concern and warrants ongoing surveillance. Frontiers Media 2015 Article PeerReviewed Letchumanan, Vengadesh and Pusparajah, Priyia and Tan, Loh Teng Hern and Yin, Wai Fong and Lee, Learn Han and Chan, Kok Gan (2015) Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6. ISSN 1664-302X, DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01417 <https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01417>. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01417 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01417 |
| spellingShingle | Q Science (General) QR Microbiology Letchumanan, Vengadesh Pusparajah, Priyia Tan, Loh Teng Hern Yin, Wai Fong Lee, Learn Han Chan, Kok Gan Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia |
| title | Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full | Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_short | Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_sort | occurrence and antibiotic resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus from shellfish in selangor malaysia |
| topic | Q Science (General) QR Microbiology |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT letchumananvengadesh occurrenceandantibioticresistanceofvibrioparahaemolyticusfromshellfishinselangormalaysia AT pusparajahpriyia occurrenceandantibioticresistanceofvibrioparahaemolyticusfromshellfishinselangormalaysia AT tanlohtenghern occurrenceandantibioticresistanceofvibrioparahaemolyticusfromshellfishinselangormalaysia AT yinwaifong occurrenceandantibioticresistanceofvibrioparahaemolyticusfromshellfishinselangormalaysia AT leelearnhan occurrenceandantibioticresistanceofvibrioparahaemolyticusfromshellfishinselangormalaysia AT chankokgan occurrenceandantibioticresistanceofvibrioparahaemolyticusfromshellfishinselangormalaysia |