Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
This study investigated the viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives in distilled water and artificial saliva using dynamic mechanical analysis. The materials evaluated included a conventional composite (Filtek Z350), two bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill and Tetric N Cera...
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Academy of Operative Dentistry
2018
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| author | Ong, Joshua E-Xin Yap, Adrian U-Jin Hong, Ja Young Eweis, Ahmed Hesham Yahya, Noor Azlin |
| author_facet | Ong, Joshua E-Xin Yap, Adrian U-Jin Hong, Ja Young Eweis, Ahmed Hesham Yahya, Noor Azlin |
| author_sort | Ong, Joshua E-Xin |
| collection | UM |
| description | This study investigated the viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives in distilled water and artificial saliva using dynamic mechanical analysis. The materials evaluated included a conventional composite (Filtek Z350), two bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill and Tetric N Ceram), a bulk-fill giomer (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative), and two novel reinforced glass ionomer cements (Zirconomer [ZR] and Equia Forte [EQ]). The glass ionomer materials were also assessed with and without resin coating (Equia Forte Coat). Test specimens 12 × 2 × 2 mm of the various materials were fabricated using customized stainlesssteel molds. After light polymerization/initial set, the specimens were removed from the molds, finished, measured, and conditioned in distilled water or artificial saliva at 37°C for seven days. The materials (n=10) were then subjected to dynamic mechanical testing in flexure mode at 37°C and a frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent data were subjected to normality testing and statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance/Dunnett's test and t-Test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Mean storage modulus ranged from 3.16 ± 0.25 to 8.98 ± 0.44 GPa, while mean loss modulus ranged from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.65 ± 0.12 GPa for distilled water and artificial saliva. Values for loss tangent ranged from 45.7 ± 7.33 to 134.2 ± 12.36 (10 -3 ). Significant differences in storage/ loss modulus and loss tangent were observed between the various bulk-fill restoratives and two conditioning mediums. Storage modulus was significantly improved when EQ and ZR was not coated with resin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T05:53:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | um.eprints-21067 |
| institution | Universiti Malaya |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T05:53:04Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Academy of Operative Dentistry |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | um.eprints-210672019-04-24T08:09:38Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/21067/ Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis Ong, Joshua E-Xin Yap, Adrian U-Jin Hong, Ja Young Eweis, Ahmed Hesham Yahya, Noor Azlin RK Dentistry This study investigated the viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives in distilled water and artificial saliva using dynamic mechanical analysis. The materials evaluated included a conventional composite (Filtek Z350), two bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill and Tetric N Ceram), a bulk-fill giomer (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative), and two novel reinforced glass ionomer cements (Zirconomer [ZR] and Equia Forte [EQ]). The glass ionomer materials were also assessed with and without resin coating (Equia Forte Coat). Test specimens 12 × 2 × 2 mm of the various materials were fabricated using customized stainlesssteel molds. After light polymerization/initial set, the specimens were removed from the molds, finished, measured, and conditioned in distilled water or artificial saliva at 37°C for seven days. The materials (n=10) were then subjected to dynamic mechanical testing in flexure mode at 37°C and a frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent data were subjected to normality testing and statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance/Dunnett's test and t-Test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Mean storage modulus ranged from 3.16 ± 0.25 to 8.98 ± 0.44 GPa, while mean loss modulus ranged from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.65 ± 0.12 GPa for distilled water and artificial saliva. Values for loss tangent ranged from 45.7 ± 7.33 to 134.2 ± 12.36 (10 -3 ). Significant differences in storage/ loss modulus and loss tangent were observed between the various bulk-fill restoratives and two conditioning mediums. Storage modulus was significantly improved when EQ and ZR was not coated with resin. Academy of Operative Dentistry 2018 Article PeerReviewed Ong, Joshua E-Xin and Yap, Adrian U-Jin and Hong, Ja Young and Eweis, Ahmed Hesham and Yahya, Noor Azlin (2018) Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis. Operative Dentistry, 43 (3). pp. 307-314. ISSN 0361-7734, DOI https://doi.org/10.2341/16-365-L <https://doi.org/10.2341/16-365-L>. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-365-L doi:10.2341/16-365-L |
| spellingShingle | RK Dentistry Ong, Joshua E-Xin Yap, Adrian U-Jin Hong, Ja Young Eweis, Ahmed Hesham Yahya, Noor Azlin Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis |
| title | Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis |
| title_full | Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis |
| title_short | Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis |
| title_sort | viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk fill restoratives a dynamic mechanical analysis |
| topic | RK Dentistry |
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