| Summary: | Ineffective waste management that involves dumping of waste in landfills may
degrade valuable land resources and emit methane gas (CH4), a more potent
greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (C02). However, municipal solid waste (MSW)
management in Malaysia is still highly dependent on landfills, as in the case of the
MSW management in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Because of the concern for greenhouse
gases (GHG) emission, scarcity of land and challenges to the development of a green
and sustainable future, waste-to-energy (WTE) has become a promising strategy
catering to these issues. This is because the utilisation of waste reduces the amount
of landfilled waste while increasing renewable energy production. This study aims to
evaluate the four selected WTE technologies for MSW management from the aspect
of energy, economic and environmental (3E). The material properties of the MSW, its
energy conversion potential and subsequent carbon emissions are analysed. An
existing landfill, Kayu Madang landfill is selected as the case study for consideration
to adopt the advanced WTE technologies. The study presented an interactive
comparison of different WTE scenarios and followed by 3E feasibility assessment,
with a reference case study in Taman Beringin landfill as the basis calculation for
energy potential and net carbon emission. The 3E assessment results indicated
incineration as the superior technology choice in terms of energy production;
however, MBT is found to be more favourable and sustainable option due to the
highest economical benefit with optimal GHG mitigation and energy potential, and in
relative to the MSW composition in Kayu Madang.
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