Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units
Two series of new hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazene derivatives were successfully synthesized and characterized. These derivatives are differentiated by two types of linking units in the molecules such as amide-azo (6a–j) and azo-azo (8a–j). The homologues of the same series contain different term...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/25716/1/Synthesis%20of%20New%20Star-Shaped%20Liquid%20Crystalline%20Cyclotriphosphazene%20Derivatives%20with%20Fire%20Retardancy%20Bearing%20Amide-Azo%20and%20Azo-Azo%20Linking%20Units.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796910408215298048 |
|---|---|
| author | Zuhair Jamain Melati Khairuddean Tay, Guan-Seng |
| author_facet | Zuhair Jamain Melati Khairuddean Tay, Guan-Seng |
| author_sort | Zuhair Jamain |
| collection | UMS |
| description | Two series of new hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazene derivatives were successfully synthesized and characterized. These derivatives are differentiated by two types of linking units in the molecules such as amide-azo (6a–j) and azo-azo (8a–j). The homologues of the same series contain different terminal substituents such as heptyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, chloro, nitro, and amino groups. All the intermediates and final compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis. Liquid crystal properties for all compounds were determined using polarized optical microscope (POM). It was found that only intermediates 2a–e with nitro and alkoxyl terminal chains showed a smectic A phase. All the final compounds with alkoxyl substituents are mesogenic with either smectic A or C phases. However, other intermediates and compounds were found to be non-mesogenic. The study on the fire retardancy of final compounds was determined using limiting oxygen index (LOI) method. The LOI value of pure polyester resin (22.53%) was increased up to 24.71% after treating with 1 wt% of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). Moreover, all the compounds gave positive results on the LOI values and compound 6i with the nitro terminal substituent showed the highest LOI value of 27.54%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:04:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ums.eprints-25716 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:04:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-257162020-07-28T01:38:28Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/25716/ Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units Zuhair Jamain Melati Khairuddean Tay, Guan-Seng QD Chemistry QH Natural history Two series of new hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazene derivatives were successfully synthesized and characterized. These derivatives are differentiated by two types of linking units in the molecules such as amide-azo (6a–j) and azo-azo (8a–j). The homologues of the same series contain different terminal substituents such as heptyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, chloro, nitro, and amino groups. All the intermediates and final compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis. Liquid crystal properties for all compounds were determined using polarized optical microscope (POM). It was found that only intermediates 2a–e with nitro and alkoxyl terminal chains showed a smectic A phase. All the final compounds with alkoxyl substituents are mesogenic with either smectic A or C phases. However, other intermediates and compounds were found to be non-mesogenic. The study on the fire retardancy of final compounds was determined using limiting oxygen index (LOI) method. The LOI value of pure polyester resin (22.53%) was increased up to 24.71% after treating with 1 wt% of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). Moreover, all the compounds gave positive results on the LOI values and compound 6i with the nitro terminal substituent showed the highest LOI value of 27.54%. 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/25716/1/Synthesis%20of%20New%20Star-Shaped%20Liquid%20Crystalline%20Cyclotriphosphazene%20Derivatives%20with%20Fire%20Retardancy%20Bearing%20Amide-Azo%20and%20Azo-Azo%20Linking%20Units.pdf Zuhair Jamain and Melati Khairuddean and Tay, Guan-Seng (2020) Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21. pp. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124267 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry QH Natural history Zuhair Jamain Melati Khairuddean Tay, Guan-Seng Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units |
| title | Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units |
| title_full | Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units |
| title_short | Synthesis of New Star-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Fire Retardancy Bearing Amide-Azo and Azo-Azo Linking Units |
| title_sort | synthesis of new star shaped liquid crystalline cyclotriphosphazene derivatives with fire retardancy bearing amide azo and azo azo linking units |
| topic | QD Chemistry QH Natural history |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/25716/1/Synthesis%20of%20New%20Star-Shaped%20Liquid%20Crystalline%20Cyclotriphosphazene%20Derivatives%20with%20Fire%20Retardancy%20Bearing%20Amide-Azo%20and%20Azo-Azo%20Linking%20Units.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zuhairjamain synthesisofnewstarshapedliquidcrystallinecyclotriphosphazenederivativeswithfireretardancybearingamideazoandazoazolinkingunits AT melatikhairuddean synthesisofnewstarshapedliquidcrystallinecyclotriphosphazenederivativeswithfireretardancybearingamideazoandazoazolinkingunits AT tayguanseng synthesisofnewstarshapedliquidcrystallinecyclotriphosphazenederivativeswithfireretardancybearingamideazoandazoazolinkingunits |