Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography
This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Hindawi Limited
2021
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31869/1/Optimization%20of%20residual%20hexane%20in%20edible%20oils%20analysis%20using%20static%20headspace%20gas%20chromatography_ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31869/2/Optimization%20of%20residual%20hexane%20in%20edible%20oils%20analysis%20using%20static%20headspace%20gas%20chromatography.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825714588468903936 |
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| author | Azrul Hisyam Samsuri May Yen Ang Ng, Shean Yeaw |
| author_facet | Azrul Hisyam Samsuri May Yen Ang Ng, Shean Yeaw |
| author_sort | Azrul Hisyam Samsuri |
| collection | UMS |
| description | This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis. Incubation time for each injection was successfully optimized from one hour to 30 minutes (50% reduction) compared to the official AOCS method Ca 3b-87. Out of the four tested edible oils, only the hexane residues detected in sunflower oil exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union regulation. Significant difference of the results obtained between large calibration range (0–938 mg kg−1) and small calibration range (0–68 mg kg−1) suggests that there is a need to use a lower standard calibration concentration to avoid misinterpretation of analysis results. Method validation applies to the technical hexane; 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane, the signal-to-noise (S/N), as well as the limit of quantification (LoQ) values was found to be 218.20, 221.45, 746.37, 97.37 and 0.85, 0.84, 0.25, 1.93 mg kg−1, respectively. Good linearity, repeatability, and low carryover of this method have provided an alternative way to analyze the content of the residual hexane in edible oils in a more efficient manner. Current study might provide a fundamental reference for the improvement of the AOCS official Ca 3b-87 method for determination of hexane residues in fats and oils analysis in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:14:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ums.eprints-31869 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:14:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Hindawi Limited |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-318692022-03-16T08:27:42Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31869/ Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography Azrul Hisyam Samsuri May Yen Ang Ng, Shean Yeaw QD71-142 Analytical chemistry TP670-699 Oils, fats, and waxes This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis. Incubation time for each injection was successfully optimized from one hour to 30 minutes (50% reduction) compared to the official AOCS method Ca 3b-87. Out of the four tested edible oils, only the hexane residues detected in sunflower oil exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union regulation. Significant difference of the results obtained between large calibration range (0–938 mg kg−1) and small calibration range (0–68 mg kg−1) suggests that there is a need to use a lower standard calibration concentration to avoid misinterpretation of analysis results. Method validation applies to the technical hexane; 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane, the signal-to-noise (S/N), as well as the limit of quantification (LoQ) values was found to be 218.20, 221.45, 746.37, 97.37 and 0.85, 0.84, 0.25, 1.93 mg kg−1, respectively. Good linearity, repeatability, and low carryover of this method have provided an alternative way to analyze the content of the residual hexane in edible oils in a more efficient manner. Current study might provide a fundamental reference for the improvement of the AOCS official Ca 3b-87 method for determination of hexane residues in fats and oils analysis in the future. Hindawi Limited 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31869/1/Optimization%20of%20residual%20hexane%20in%20edible%20oils%20analysis%20using%20static%20headspace%20gas%20chromatography_ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31869/2/Optimization%20of%20residual%20hexane%20in%20edible%20oils%20analysis%20using%20static%20headspace%20gas%20chromatography.pdf Azrul Hisyam Samsuri and May Yen Ang and Ng, Shean Yeaw (2021) Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021 (194133). pp. 1-6. ISSN 1687-8760 (P-ISSN) , 1687-8779 (E-ISSN) https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijac/2021/1941336.pdf https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1941336 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1941336 |
| spellingShingle | QD71-142 Analytical chemistry TP670-699 Oils, fats, and waxes Azrul Hisyam Samsuri May Yen Ang Ng, Shean Yeaw Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography |
| title | Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography |
| title_full | Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography |
| title_short | Optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography |
| title_sort | optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography |
| topic | QD71-142 Analytical chemistry TP670-699 Oils, fats, and waxes |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31869/1/Optimization%20of%20residual%20hexane%20in%20edible%20oils%20analysis%20using%20static%20headspace%20gas%20chromatography_ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/31869/2/Optimization%20of%20residual%20hexane%20in%20edible%20oils%20analysis%20using%20static%20headspace%20gas%20chromatography.pdf |
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