Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned?
Pathogenic Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease affecting animals and humans worldwide. The risk of host infection following interaction with environmental sources depends on the ability of Leptospira to persist, survive, and infect the new host to continu...
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| Formáid: | Alt |
| Teanga: | English English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Ábhair: | |
| Rochtain ar líne: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32576/2/Leptospirosis%20and%20coinfection%2C%20Should%20we%20be%20concerned.ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32576/1/Leptospirosis%20and%20coinfection%2C%20Should%20we%20be%20concerned.pdf |
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| author | Asmalia Md Lasim Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib Mardani Abdul Halim Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom Sheila Nathan Shukor Md Nor |
| author_facet | Asmalia Md Lasim Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib Mardani Abdul Halim Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom Sheila Nathan Shukor Md Nor |
| author_sort | Asmalia Md Lasim |
| collection | UMS |
| description | Pathogenic Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease affecting animals and humans worldwide. The risk of host infection following interaction with environmental sources depends on the ability of Leptospira to persist, survive, and infect the new host to continue the transmission chain. Leptospira may coexist with other pathogens, thus providing a suitable condition for the development of other pathogens, resulting in multi-pathogen infection in humans. Therefore, it is important to better understand the dynamics of transmission by these pathogens. We conducted Boolean searches of several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect, to identify relevant published data on Leptospira and coinfection with other pathogenic bacteria. We review the role of the host-microbiota in determining the synanthropic interaction of Leptospira sp. with other bacteria, thus creating a suitable condition for the leptospira to survive and persist successfully. We also discuss the biotic and abiotic factors that amplify the viability of Leptospira in the environment. The coinfection of leptospira with pathogenic bacteria has rarely been reported, potentially contributing to a lack of awareness. Therefore, the occurrence of leptospirosis coinfection may complicate diagnosis, long-lasting examination, and mistreatment that could lead to mortality. Identifying the presence of leptospirosis with other bacteria through metagenomic analysis could reveal possible coinfection. In conclusion, the occurrence of leptospirosis with other diseases should be of concern and may depend on the success of the transmission and severity of individual infections. Medical practitioners may misdiagnose the presence of multiple infections and should be made aware of and receive adequate training on appropriate treatment for leptospirosis patients. Physicians could undertake a more targeted approach for leptospirosis diagnosis by considering other symptoms caused by the coinfected bacteria; thus, more specific treatment could be given. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:15:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ums.eprints-32576 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:15:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-325762022-05-18T04:02:05Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32576/ Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? Asmalia Md Lasim Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib Mardani Abdul Halim Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom Sheila Nathan Shukor Md Nor QR75-99.5 Bacteria Pathogenic Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease affecting animals and humans worldwide. The risk of host infection following interaction with environmental sources depends on the ability of Leptospira to persist, survive, and infect the new host to continue the transmission chain. Leptospira may coexist with other pathogens, thus providing a suitable condition for the development of other pathogens, resulting in multi-pathogen infection in humans. Therefore, it is important to better understand the dynamics of transmission by these pathogens. We conducted Boolean searches of several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect, to identify relevant published data on Leptospira and coinfection with other pathogenic bacteria. We review the role of the host-microbiota in determining the synanthropic interaction of Leptospira sp. with other bacteria, thus creating a suitable condition for the leptospira to survive and persist successfully. We also discuss the biotic and abiotic factors that amplify the viability of Leptospira in the environment. The coinfection of leptospira with pathogenic bacteria has rarely been reported, potentially contributing to a lack of awareness. Therefore, the occurrence of leptospirosis coinfection may complicate diagnosis, long-lasting examination, and mistreatment that could lead to mortality. Identifying the presence of leptospirosis with other bacteria through metagenomic analysis could reveal possible coinfection. In conclusion, the occurrence of leptospirosis with other diseases should be of concern and may depend on the success of the transmission and severity of individual infections. Medical practitioners may misdiagnose the presence of multiple infections and should be made aware of and receive adequate training on appropriate treatment for leptospirosis patients. Physicians could undertake a more targeted approach for leptospirosis diagnosis by considering other symptoms caused by the coinfected bacteria; thus, more specific treatment could be given. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021-09-06 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32576/2/Leptospirosis%20and%20coinfection%2C%20Should%20we%20be%20concerned.ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32576/1/Leptospirosis%20and%20coinfection%2C%20Should%20we%20be%20concerned.pdf Asmalia Md Lasim and Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib and Mardani Abdul Halim and Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom and Sheila Nathan and Shukor Md Nor (2021) Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (9411). pp. 1-16. ISSN 1660-4601 https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/17/9411 |
| spellingShingle | QR75-99.5 Bacteria Asmalia Md Lasim Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib Mardani Abdul Halim Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom Sheila Nathan Shukor Md Nor Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? |
| title | Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? |
| title_full | Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? |
| title_fullStr | Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? |
| title_short | Leptospirosis and coinfection: Should we be concerned? |
| title_sort | leptospirosis and coinfection should we be concerned |
| topic | QR75-99.5 Bacteria |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32576/2/Leptospirosis%20and%20coinfection%2C%20Should%20we%20be%20concerned.ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/32576/1/Leptospirosis%20and%20coinfection%2C%20Should%20we%20be%20concerned.pdf |
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