Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar
Batik industrial effluent wastewater (BIE) contains toxic dyes that, if directly channeled into receiving water bodies without proper treatment, could pollute the aquatic ecosystem and, detrimentally, affect the health of people. This study is aimed at assessing the adsorptive efficacy of a novel lo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
MDPI
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/34189/1/Bench-Scale%20Fixed-Bed%20Column%20Study%20for%20the%20Removal%20of%20Dye-Contaminated%20Effluent%20Using%20Sewage-Sludge-Based%20Biochar.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/34189/2/Bench-Scale%20Fixed-Bed%20Column%20Study%20for%20the%20Removal%20of%20Dye-Contaminated%20Effluent%20Using%20Sewage-Sludge-Based%20Biochar1.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796911549333372928 |
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| author | Najib Mohammed Yahya Al-Mahbashi Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty Muhammad Roil Bilad Nurul Huda Rovina Kobun Azmatullah Noor Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba Ahmed Al-Nini Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb Baker Nasser Saleh Al-dhawi |
| author_facet | Najib Mohammed Yahya Al-Mahbashi Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty Muhammad Roil Bilad Nurul Huda Rovina Kobun Azmatullah Noor Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba Ahmed Al-Nini Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb Baker Nasser Saleh Al-dhawi |
| author_sort | Najib Mohammed Yahya Al-Mahbashi |
| collection | UMS |
| description | Batik industrial effluent wastewater (BIE) contains toxic dyes that, if directly channeled into receiving water bodies without proper treatment, could pollute the aquatic ecosystem and, detrimentally, affect the health of people. This study is aimed at assessing the adsorptive efficacy of a novel low-cost sewage-sludge-based biochar (SSB), in removing color from batik industrial effluent (BIE). Sewage-sludge-based biochar (SSB) was synthesized through two stages, the first is raw-material gathering and preparation. The second stage is carbonization, in a muffle furnace, at 700 ◦C for 60 min. To investigate the changes introduced by the preparation process, the raw sewage sludge (RS) and SSB were characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The surface area of biochar was found to be 117.7 m2/g. The results of FTIR showed that some functional groups, such as CO and OH, were hosted on the surface of the biochar. Continuous fixed-bed column studies were conducted, by using SSB as an adsorbent. A glass column with a diameter of 20 mm was packed with SSB, to depths of 5 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm. The volumes of BIE passing through the column were 384 mL/d, 864 mL/d, and 1680 mL/d, at a flow rate of 16 mL/h, 36 mL/h, and 70 mL/h, respectively. The initial color concentration in the batik sample was 234 Pt-Co, and the pH was kept in the range of 3–5. The effect of varying bed depth and flow rate over time on the removal efficiency of color was analyzed. It was observed that the breakthrough time differed according to the depth of the bed and changes in the flow rates. The longest time, where breakthrough and exhausting points occurred, was recorded at the highest bed and slowest flowrate. However, the increase in flow rate and decrease in bed depth made the breakthrough curves steeper. The maximum bed capacity of 42.30 mg/g was achieved at a 16 mL/h flowrate and 12 cm bed height. Thomas and Bohart–Adams mathematical models were applied, to analyze the adsorption data and the interaction between the adsorption variables. For both models, the correlation coefficient (R 2 ) was more than 0.9, which signifies that the experimental data are well fitted. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior is best explained by the Thomas model, as it covers the whole range of breakthrough curves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:20:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ums.eprints-34189 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:20:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-341892022-09-22T07:53:01Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/34189/ Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar Najib Mohammed Yahya Al-Mahbashi Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty Muhammad Roil Bilad Nurul Huda Rovina Kobun Azmatullah Noor Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba Ahmed Al-Nini Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb Baker Nasser Saleh Al-dhawi TD511-780 Sewage collection and disposal systems. Sewerage Batik industrial effluent wastewater (BIE) contains toxic dyes that, if directly channeled into receiving water bodies without proper treatment, could pollute the aquatic ecosystem and, detrimentally, affect the health of people. This study is aimed at assessing the adsorptive efficacy of a novel low-cost sewage-sludge-based biochar (SSB), in removing color from batik industrial effluent (BIE). Sewage-sludge-based biochar (SSB) was synthesized through two stages, the first is raw-material gathering and preparation. The second stage is carbonization, in a muffle furnace, at 700 ◦C for 60 min. To investigate the changes introduced by the preparation process, the raw sewage sludge (RS) and SSB were characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The surface area of biochar was found to be 117.7 m2/g. The results of FTIR showed that some functional groups, such as CO and OH, were hosted on the surface of the biochar. Continuous fixed-bed column studies were conducted, by using SSB as an adsorbent. A glass column with a diameter of 20 mm was packed with SSB, to depths of 5 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm. The volumes of BIE passing through the column were 384 mL/d, 864 mL/d, and 1680 mL/d, at a flow rate of 16 mL/h, 36 mL/h, and 70 mL/h, respectively. The initial color concentration in the batik sample was 234 Pt-Co, and the pH was kept in the range of 3–5. The effect of varying bed depth and flow rate over time on the removal efficiency of color was analyzed. It was observed that the breakthrough time differed according to the depth of the bed and changes in the flow rates. The longest time, where breakthrough and exhausting points occurred, was recorded at the highest bed and slowest flowrate. However, the increase in flow rate and decrease in bed depth made the breakthrough curves steeper. The maximum bed capacity of 42.30 mg/g was achieved at a 16 mL/h flowrate and 12 cm bed height. Thomas and Bohart–Adams mathematical models were applied, to analyze the adsorption data and the interaction between the adsorption variables. For both models, the correlation coefficient (R 2 ) was more than 0.9, which signifies that the experimental data are well fitted. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior is best explained by the Thomas model, as it covers the whole range of breakthrough curves. MDPI 2022 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/34189/1/Bench-Scale%20Fixed-Bed%20Column%20Study%20for%20the%20Removal%20of%20Dye-Contaminated%20Effluent%20Using%20Sewage-Sludge-Based%20Biochar.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/34189/2/Bench-Scale%20Fixed-Bed%20Column%20Study%20for%20the%20Removal%20of%20Dye-Contaminated%20Effluent%20Using%20Sewage-Sludge-Based%20Biochar1.pdf Najib Mohammed Yahya Al-Mahbashi and Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty and Muhammad Roil Bilad and Nurul Huda and Rovina Kobun and Azmatullah Noor and Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba and Ahmed Al-Nini and Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb and Baker Nasser Saleh Al-dhawi (2022) Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar. Sustainability, 14 (6484). pp. 1-16. ISSN 2071-1050 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/11/6484 https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116484 https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116484 |
| spellingShingle | TD511-780 Sewage collection and disposal systems. Sewerage Najib Mohammed Yahya Al-Mahbashi Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty Muhammad Roil Bilad Nurul Huda Rovina Kobun Azmatullah Noor Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba Ahmed Al-Nini Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb Baker Nasser Saleh Al-dhawi Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar |
| title | Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar |
| title_full | Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar |
| title_fullStr | Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar |
| title_short | Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Dye-Contaminated Effluent Using Sewage-Sludge-Based Biochar |
| title_sort | bench scale fixed bed column study for the removal of dye contaminated effluent using sewage sludge based biochar |
| topic | TD511-780 Sewage collection and disposal systems. Sewerage |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/34189/1/Bench-Scale%20Fixed-Bed%20Column%20Study%20for%20the%20Removal%20of%20Dye-Contaminated%20Effluent%20Using%20Sewage-Sludge-Based%20Biochar.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/34189/2/Bench-Scale%20Fixed-Bed%20Column%20Study%20for%20the%20Removal%20of%20Dye-Contaminated%20Effluent%20Using%20Sewage-Sludge-Based%20Biochar1.pdf |
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