Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Vibriosis and parasitic leech infestations cause the death of various farmed fish, such as groupers, hybrid groupers, sea bass, etc., in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In the absence of natural control agents, aquaculture operators rely on toxic chemicals to control Vibrio infections...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2023
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37598/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37598/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf |
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| author | Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Kishneth Palaniveloo Thivyalaxmi Mahendran Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Jen Kit Tan Yoong Soon Yong Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal Elliecpearl Jasca Joning Wei Sheng Chong Olga Babich Stanislav Sukhikh Muhammad Dawood Shah |
| author_facet | Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Kishneth Palaniveloo Thivyalaxmi Mahendran Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Jen Kit Tan Yoong Soon Yong Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal Elliecpearl Jasca Joning Wei Sheng Chong Olga Babich Stanislav Sukhikh Muhammad Dawood Shah |
| author_sort | Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran |
| collection | UMS |
| description | Vibriosis and parasitic leech infestations cause the death of various farmed fish, such as groupers, hybrid groupers, sea bass, etc., in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In the absence of natural control agents, aquaculture operators rely on toxic chemicals to control Vibrio infections and parasitic leeches, which can have a negative impact on the environment and health. In the present study, we investigated the antivibrio and antiparasitic activities of the aqueous extract of giant sword fern (GSF) (Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepidaceae, locally known as “Paku Pedang”) against four Vibrio spp. and the parasitic leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, as well as its metabolic composition using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry system (UHPLC-HRMS). The data show that the aqueous extract of GSF at a concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibits potent bactericidal activity against V. parahaemolyticus with a zone of inhibition of 19.5 mm. In addition, the extract showed dose-dependent activity against leeches, resulting in the complete killing of the parasitic leeches within a short period of 11–43 min when tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 25 mg/mL. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected 118 metabolites in the aqueous extract of GSF. Flavonoids were the primary metabolites, followed by phenolic, aromatic, fatty acyl, terpenoid, vitamin and steroidal compounds. Notably, several of these metabolites possess antibacterial and antiparasitic properties, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, apigenin, quercetin, cynaroside, luteolin, naringenin, wogonin, 6-gingerol, nicotinamide, abscisic acid, daidzein, salvianolic acid B, etc. Overall, our study shows the significant antibacterial and antiparasitic potential of the GSF aqueous extract, which demonstrates the presence of valuable secondary metabolites. Consequently, the aqueous extract is a promising natural alternative for the effective control of Vibrio infections and the treatment of parasitic leeches in aquaculture systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ums.eprints-37598 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T03:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-375982023-11-16T02:17:43Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37598/ Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Kishneth Palaniveloo Thivyalaxmi Mahendran Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Jen Kit Tan Yoong Soon Yong Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal Elliecpearl Jasca Joning Wei Sheng Chong Olga Babich Stanislav Sukhikh Muhammad Dawood Shah QK710-899 Plant physiology SH1-691 Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling Vibriosis and parasitic leech infestations cause the death of various farmed fish, such as groupers, hybrid groupers, sea bass, etc., in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In the absence of natural control agents, aquaculture operators rely on toxic chemicals to control Vibrio infections and parasitic leeches, which can have a negative impact on the environment and health. In the present study, we investigated the antivibrio and antiparasitic activities of the aqueous extract of giant sword fern (GSF) (Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepidaceae, locally known as “Paku Pedang”) against four Vibrio spp. and the parasitic leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, as well as its metabolic composition using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry system (UHPLC-HRMS). The data show that the aqueous extract of GSF at a concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibits potent bactericidal activity against V. parahaemolyticus with a zone of inhibition of 19.5 mm. In addition, the extract showed dose-dependent activity against leeches, resulting in the complete killing of the parasitic leeches within a short period of 11–43 min when tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 25 mg/mL. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected 118 metabolites in the aqueous extract of GSF. Flavonoids were the primary metabolites, followed by phenolic, aromatic, fatty acyl, terpenoid, vitamin and steroidal compounds. Notably, several of these metabolites possess antibacterial and antiparasitic properties, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, apigenin, quercetin, cynaroside, luteolin, naringenin, wogonin, 6-gingerol, nicotinamide, abscisic acid, daidzein, salvianolic acid B, etc. Overall, our study shows the significant antibacterial and antiparasitic potential of the GSF aqueous extract, which demonstrates the presence of valuable secondary metabolites. Consequently, the aqueous extract is a promising natural alternative for the effective control of Vibrio infections and the treatment of parasitic leeches in aquaculture systems. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2023 Article NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37598/1/ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37598/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran and Kishneth Palaniveloo and Thivyalaxmi Mahendran and Dinesh Kumar Chellappan and Jen Kit Tan and Yoong Soon Yong and Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal and Elliecpearl Jasca Joning and Wei Sheng Chong and Olga Babich and Stanislav Sukhikh and Muhammad Dawood Shah (2023) Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules, 28. pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166075 |
| spellingShingle | QK710-899 Plant physiology SH1-691 Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran Kishneth Palaniveloo Thivyalaxmi Mahendran Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Jen Kit Tan Yoong Soon Yong Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal Elliecpearl Jasca Joning Wei Sheng Chong Olga Babich Stanislav Sukhikh Muhammad Dawood Shah Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis |
| title | Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis |
| title_sort | antimicrobial potential of aqueous extract of giant sword fern and ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry analysis |
| topic | QK710-899 Plant physiology SH1-691 Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37598/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37598/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf |
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